101,705 research outputs found
Joshua Davis: Author of Spare Parts
Full text linkCitation: K-State First (2016). Joshua Davis: Author of Spare Parts [Flier]. Manhattan, Kansas: K-State First.Flyer advertising Joshua Davis's author talk at Kansas State University
Mariannaea imbricata D. Hirose & K. Watanabe 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMariannaea imbricata D. Hirose & K. Watanabe sp. nov. (Figure 3) MycoBank no.: 840111 Description: Sexual morph not observed. Colony diam., 7 d, in mm (average): PDA: 5˚ C (2), 10˚ C (8), 15˚ C (11), 20˚ C (26), 25˚ C (31), 30˚ C (31), and 35˚ C (no growth); MEA: 25˚ C (34). Colonies on PDA at 25˚ C, matted felt at center, indistinctly zonate, with undulate margins, irregularly oriented and coarsely undulated, producing radially oriented fan-shaped structures from the center to margin, amber with white margin and reverse sienna with white margin. Colonies on MEA at 25 ° C, matted felt at center, indistinctly zonate, with undulate margins, irregularly oriented and coarsely undulate, producing radially oriented fan-shaped structures from center to margin, white with ochreous margin, and reverse umber with fulvous margin. On PDA: hyphae 1.4‒6.3 µm wide, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, branched and septate. Conidiophores 167.7‒798.4 µm (mean 451.0 µm, n = 50) long, 3.7‒8.5 µm (mean 6.1 µm, n = 50) wide at the basal cell, generally macronematous, mononematous, erect, septate, smooth thin-walled, hyaline, bearing short branches with 1–2 whorls of 2–5 phialides, or phialides formed in verticils on long main stalk. Phialides 6.2‒16.9 × 1.2‒2.4 (mean 10.4 × 1.7 µm, L / W 6.2, n = 50), typically slender flask-shaped, hyaline and smooth-walled. Conidia 4.7‒10.9 × 1.8‒3.2 µm (mean 6.2 × 2.5 µm, L / W 2.5, n = 50), generally fusiform to ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth and thin-walled, aseptate and produced in imbricate chains. Chlamydospores 7.2‒22.2 × 4.6‒12.3 µm (mean 10.8 × 6.2 µm, L / W 1.7, n = 50), intercalary or terminal, produced singly or in short chains, globose to sub-globose, hyaline and thick-walled. Etymology: The epithet “imbricata” refers to the irregularly oriented and coarsely undulate morphology from the center to margins of colonies grown on PDA and MEA. Type: Sugadaira, Nagano, Japan, 2008, isolated from the decayed needles of Pinus densiflora (Holotype, TNS-F- 91410, dried culture on PDA; ex-type culture, NBRC 33105). Notes: Mariannaea imbricata is morphologically similar to M. atlantica, M. fusiformis, M. punicea, and M. terricola, but can be distinguished from these congeners by its slender flask-shaped phialides with a smooth-walled texture. The colonies are characterized by an amber to white pigmentation on PDA and a central matted felt texture, and with the center to margins irregularly oriented and coarsely undulate on PDA and MEA. This species does not form reddish-purple colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and TUB-2 sequences can also be used to distinguish these species.Published as part of Watanabe, Kohei & Hirose, Dai, 2021, A novel Mariannaea species isolated from decayed pine needles in Japan, pp. 211-220 in Phytotaxa 522 (3) on pages 217-218, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/556041
Steven Johnson Author Talk Poster
No full textK-State Book NetworkA poster advertising an author talk by Steven Johnson at Kansas State University on September 3, 2014. Steven Johnson's book "The Ghost Map" was the 2014-2015 common book
Gnathia nubila Ota & Hirose, 2009, n. sp.
No full textGnathia nubila n. sp. (Figs. 1 –3, 6 A, B) Material examined. Holotype. 9.1 mm (NSMT-Cr 20878), from gill filaments and gill arches of spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) caught by commercial fishing (boat out of Hama Fishing Port), Nakagusuku Bay (26 °N, 127 °E), Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan. 30 November 2007, coll. Y. Ota. Paratypes. Two males and 4 females from the same fish host as the holotype (NSMT Cr 20879). One male and 19 larvae from gill filaments and gill arches of A. narinari caught by commercial fishing (Okinawa City Fishing Port), Nakagusuku Bay (26 °N, 127 °E), 13 September 2006, coll. Y. Ota (NSMT-Cr 20880). Description. Male (Figs. 1, 2). Body 9.0–10.0 mm (9.3 ± 0.5 mm, n = 4). Pigmentation of live specimens white; digestive organs black due to congealed host blood. Cephalosome (Fig. 1 A–C). Cephalosome covered with tubercles and setae, almost square with posterior margin convex, about one-fifth of total length. Posterior median tubercle prominent. Frontal border medially opened by 2 frontolateral processes with tubercles and several submarginal setae. Apex of mediofrontal process bifit and dentate (Fig. 1 D). Eyes well developed, about one-fourth length of cephalosome. Supraocular lobe low, not acute. Dorsal sulcus deep and narrow. Pereon (Fig. 1 A). All pereonite lengths about half of total length. Pereonite 1 short, not fused, reaching lateral margin of cephalosome. Pereonites 2–6, sparsely covered with setae and tubercles. Widths of pereonites 2, 3, and 4 similar. Pereonite 2 as long as pereonite 3 and slightly shorter than pereonite 4. Anterior constriction and anterolateral lobe present on pereonite 4. Pereonites 5 and 6 combined subequal in length to pereonites 2–4 combined. Areae laterales and lobi laterals present on pereonites 5 and 6, respectively. Pereonite 7 short and narrow, overlapping pleonite 1. Pleon (Fig. 1 A). Lateral margins of pleonites 1–5 fringed with long setae. Lengths of pleonites and pleotelson about one-quarter of total length. Epimera prominent on pleonites 3–5. Pleotelson (Fig. 1 D). Pleotelson narrow, covered with pectinate scales. Eight setae on lateral margin and 1 pair of setae on both dorsal surface and distal apex. Mandible (Fig. 1 E). Mandible length two-thirds of cephalosome length. Apex curved inward. One mandibular seta present near armed carina on mid-dorsal surface. Dentate blade occupies about two-fifths of mandible length. Basal neck and erisma prominent. Antennae. Antenna 1 (Fig. 1 F). Peduncle articles 2 and 3 covered with pectinate scales. Three, 4, and 1 feather-like bristles on distal margins of peduncles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. One seta on internal margins of peduncle 2, and several setae on external and distal margins of peduncle 3. Flagellar articles bearing an aesthetasc on both articles 3 and 4. One seta on distal margin of article 3. Article 5 with 1 feather-like bristle terminating in 3 setae and 1 aesthetasc. Antenna 2 (Fig. 1 G). Two feather-like bristles and several setae present on peduncle 4. A few setae present on distal margins of flagellar articles 1–6. Article 7 terminates in 5 setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 A). Endite reaches distal margin of palp article 1. Palp articles 1, 2, 3, and 4 bearing 6, 8, 5, and 9 plumose setae on external margins, respectively. Article 4 terminates in 4 simple setae. Pylopod (Fig. 2 B). Pylopod 3 articled. Several setae present on distal margins of articles 1 and 2. Article 1 large and elliptical, with 2 areolae, and 76 plumose setae on internal margin. A few setae and 1 feather-like bristle present near outer margin. Article 2 circular and fringed with fine setae. Article 3 minute. Pereopods (Fig. 2 C). Pereopod 2 bearing many setae; longer on outer margin than on inner. Pectinate scales on each article except basis; fine setae on inner margins of all articles. Basis oblong, bearing 2 featherlike bristles on outer margin. Ischium similar in length to basis, becoming larger distally. Merus about half length of ischium. Carpus rectangular and similar in length to merus. Propodus rectangular, about 1.2 times longer than carpus; bearing 2 spines on inner-mid and inner-distal margins. Dactylus with a few setae, terminating in unguis. Length of dactylus and unguis combined about half that of propodus. All pereopods similar in shape, size, and setation. Pleopods (Fig. 2 D). Pleopodal peduncle inner margin fringed with fine setae. One seta on outer distal corner, and a coupling hook on inner margin. Both pleopodal rami oval and equal in length. All pleopods subequal in shape. From 7 to 9 plumose setae and 1 simple seta (pl. 1, 2, 4) on exopods: pleopod 1; 7 plumose setae, pl. 2–4; 8, pl. 5; 9. From 4 to 8 pumose setae and 1 simple seta (pl. 2, 3) on endopods: pleopod 1; 6 plumose setae, pl. 2; 4, pl. 3–5; 8. Appendix masculina extending beyond half length of pleopod 2 endopod. Uropods (Fig. 1 D). Both rami subequal in length, extending beyond apex of pleotelson. Exopod bearing 19 setae and 7 plumose setae on external and internal margins, respectively. Endopod bearing 9 setae and 9 plumose setae on external and internal margins, respectively. Several feather-like bristles on dorsal surface. Penes (Fig. 2 E). Penes composed of 2 contiguous papillae and not prominent. Female (Fig. 3). Body 7.4 –8.0 mm (7.7 ± 0.3 mm, n = 4). Pigmentation of live specimens white. Cephalosome (Fig. 3 A–C). Cephalosome with several setae. Frontal margin slightly convex; pair of spots present. Pereon (Fig. 3 A, B). Pereonite 1 short, not fused, with central part protruding forward. Pereonites 3–6 oval, with 2 sutures, widths about two-thirds of lengths. Lateral shields of pereopods 4–6 visible dorsally. Pleon (Fig. 3 A, B). Several setae on pleonites 1–5 subequal in length. Pleotelson (Fig. 3 D). Two pairs of setae on lateral margin and apex. Antennae (Fig. 3 E, F). Setae on peduncle articles of both antennae fewer than in male. No pectinate scales on peduncle articles. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 G). Inner margin of basis and endite covered with pectinate scales. Endite reaches half length of palp article 1. Nine, 7, 9, 6, and 8 plumose setae on basis and articles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Oostegite elliptical. Pylopod (Fig. 3 H). Pylopod composed of 3 articles. Articles 1 and 2 covered with pectinate scales and fringed with fine setae on inner margins. Article 1 with suture bears 10 setae on lateral and distal margins. Article 2 rectangular, bearing 6 setae on distal margin. Article 3 minute. Pereopods (Fig. 3 I). Pereopods bear fewer setae than those of male; not covered with pectinate scales. Pereopods 5 and 6 larger than other pereopods. Pleopod (Fig. 3 J). One aesthetasc on outer margin of peduncle. Exopods and endopods oval, with 8 (exopods) or 6 (endopods) setae on distal margins, all vestigial. All pleopods subequal in shape. Uropod (Fig. 3 D). Uropodal rami slightly extended beyond apex of pleotelson. Exopod bears 19–21 setae on margin. Endopod bears 14–15 setae on margin. Immature praniza larva (Figs. 4, 7 A, B). Body 7.6–9.7 mm (8.4 ± 0.6 mm, n = 19). Dorsal thorax of live specimens black with white cloud-like pattern (Fig. 7 A); ventral thorax has distinct white line (Fig. 7 B). Distinct brown spot on eyes. Lateral margins of pleonites have brown pattern (see Fig. 7 A). Cephalosome (Fig. 4 A). Triangular, length same as width. Anterior margin of labrum straight. Eyes occupying half length of cephalosome. Pereon (Fig. 4 A, B). Pereonite 1 short. Pereonite 2 subequal in width to pereonite 3, with convex anterior margin. Pereonite 3 slightly longer than pereonite 2. Lateral shields of pereopods 4–6 visible in dorsal view, elliptical. Pleon (Fig. 4 A). Pleonites 1–4 subequal in length and slightly shorter than pleonite 5. Pleotelson (Fig. 4 C) with dentate lateral margin, bearing 3 pairs of setae on dorsal surface and apex. Antennae (Fig. 4 D, E). Internal margins of peduncles 2 and 3 of antenna 1 fringed with fine setae. Internal margins of peduncles 3 and 4 of antenna 2 fringed by fine setae. Mouth parts. Mandible (Fig. 4 F) with 9 teeth. Maxillule (Fig. 4 G) with 2 slender articles, fine setae on outer margin projecting to posterior, 7 teeth on apex. Paragnath (Fig. 4 H) slightly curved. Maxilliped (Fig. 4 I) composed of basis and 2 -articled palp. Basis with 1 coupling hook on inner margin and endite with 1 seta. Apex of palp 1 slightly dentate. Apex of palp 2 divided into 2 parts; 1 seta and 1 tooth on inner apex, 5 setae and 1 spine on outer part. Gnathopod (Fig. 4 J) pereopodal in shape with reduced carpus. One projection on distal margin of merus. Propodus with distal bulbous protrusion. Dactylus terminating in sharp, pointed unguis. Pereopods. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 4 K) more slender than that of male. Inner margins of carpus and propodus covered with pectinate scales. Pleopods (Fig. 4 L). Exopod fan-shaped with 7–9 plumose setae on distal margins. Endopod rectangular and as large as exopod; 7 or 8 plumose setae on distal margins. All pleopods subequal in shape. Uropod (Fig. 4 C) just reaches apex of pleotelson. Exopod bears 6 setae and 4 plumose setae on margin. Endopod bears 2 setae and 7 plumose setae on margin. Etymology. The specific name nubila is derived from the Latin meaning “cloudy”, referring to the larval thorax pattern. Remarks. Among Gnathia species described so far worldwide, the body length, and shape of the cephalosome and pleotelson of male G. nubila is most similar to those of G. grandilaris. However, the mediofrontal process of G. grandilaris is triangular-shaped lobe and conical (Coetzee et al. 2008) (G. grandilaris has the bifit one). Because G. trimaculata and G. m a c u l o s a have been found from this area (Ota & Hirose, 2009), these species may be found with G. nubila, but they are distinguished from G. nubila by the following features. Gnathia trimaculata has a mediofrontal process on the frontal border and a more slender pylopod (Coetzee et al. 2009). Gnathia maculosa is smaller (3.9–5.8 mm) and lacks a mediofrontal process (Ota & Hirose, 2009). Frontal borders of G. n o t o s t i g m a Cohen & Poore, 1994 and G. c o o k i Müller, 1989 are also similar in shape to that of G. nubila. However, G. notostigma has very pronounced paraocular tubercles and wider pleotelson (Cohen & Poore, 1994). Gnathia cooki has long and basally broadened penes and a wider pleotelson (Müller, 1989). Because species descriptions of gnathiids have traditionally been based on the morphology of adult males, detailed descriptions of larvae and female adults are lacking in many literatures. Females of the genus Gnathia have been described in detail for the following species: G. firingae, G. c a m u r i p e n i s, G. limicola, G. m a c u l o s a, G. a f r i c a n a, G. pantherina, G. p i l o s u s, G. gurjanovae, and G. trimaculata (Müller, 1991; Smit & Basson, 2002; Smit et al. 2002; Tanaka, 2004; Golovan, 2006; Ota et al. 2007; Coetzee et al. 2008; Ota & Hirose, 2009). Gnathia maculosa most closely resembles G. nubila. However, the frontal border of G. nubila has a pair of spots, the pleopodal rami are oval, and the body is larger (7.4 –8.0 mm). The pleopodal rami of G. m a c u l o s a are fan-shaped, and the body length is smaller (4.4–5.5 mm) than that of G. nubila (Ota & Hirose, 2009). Detail descriptions of praniza larvae were limited worldwide; G. firingae, G. africana, G. pantherina, G. camuripenis, G. limicola, G. capillata, G. grandilaris, G. trimaculata, and G. m a c u l o s a (Müller, 1991; Smit et al., 1999; Smit & Basson, 2002; Tanaka, 2004; Nunomura & Honma, 2004; Ota et al., 2007; Coetzee et al., 2008, 2009; Ota & Hirose, 2009). Among the gnathiid larvae described so far, G. nubila is most similar to G. grandilaris. However, G. grandilaris lacks a distinct brown spot on the eyes and a distinct white line on the ventral thorax, and it has a shorter pleotelson (Coetzee et al. 2008). Gnathia capillata, G. trimaculata, and G. maculosa larvae have all been found as ectoparasites on elasmobranchs from Japan; these 3 species are distinguishable from G. nubila as follows. Gnathia capillata has a wider pleotelson, and its pereonite 4 is distinctively separated from pereonites 5 and 6 (Nunomura & Honma, 2004). Gnathia trimaculata has yellow-greenish color with black spots on the thorax and its shorter pleotelson (Coetzee et al. 2009). Gnathia maculosa has wider pleotelson, shorter body length in the immature stage (4.2–5.8 mm), and white speckled or dappled pattern on the thorax (Ota & Hirose, 2009). Praniza larvae of G. c a m u r i p e n i s and G. limicola have also been described from the Ryukyus. Gnathia nubila is easy to distinguish from these 2 species by the following criteria: the body lengths of immature G. camuripenis and G. limicola are 3 mm, and the pleotelson is wider and not elongated (Tanaka, 2004; Ota et al. 2007).Published as part of Ota, Yuzo & Hirose, Euichi, 2009, Gnathia nubila n. sp. and a new record of Gnathia grandilaris (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) that parasitizes elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters, Japan, pp. 43-55 in Zootaxa 2238 on pages 44-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19046
A mathematical model for simultaneous spatio-temporal dynamics of calcium and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells
Full text linkThe landmark paper by Hirose et al. (Hirose, K., Kadowaki, S., Tanabe, M., Takeshima, H., Iino, M., Science 284:1527–1530, 1999) presented experimental investigations to show that not only can calcium upregulate IP3, but that it can also have an inhibitory effect on IP3. In this paper, we present a preliminary model, which is consistent with these experiments. This model includes positive and negative feedback between calcium and IP3 and is able to reproduce more precisely the data presented in Hirose et al. (Hirose, K., Kadowaki, S., Tanabe, M., Takeshima, H., Iino, M., Science 284:1527–1530, 1999). In the second part of the paper, the intracellular and intercellular calcium movement in Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells is investigated. With the aid of the model we are able to identify the aspects of IP3 and calcium signalling, which should be studied further experimentally before refining the mode
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gnathia maculosa Ota & Hirose, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textGnathia maculosa sp. nov. (Figs 1 –3, 5 A) Material examined. Holotype. Male, 5.7 mm (NSMT-Cr 20425), from gill chambers of blotched fantail ray Taeniura meyeni Müller & Henle, 1841, gill net, Nakagusuku Bay (26 ºN, 127 ºE), Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, 25 May 2007, coll. Y. O t a. Paratypes. 3 males, 3 females and 5 praniza larvae from the same locality and host as the holotype (NSMT-Cr 20426). 9 males, 2 females, and 2 praniza larvae from the same locality and host as the holotype (NMV J 46718). 2 praniza larvae from the same locality and host as the holotype (KMNH IvR 500, 414). 9 males and 12 females from a Javanese cownose ray Rhinoptera javanica caught by a gill net in Nakagusuku Bay, 16 May 2007, coll. Y. Ota (KMNH IvR 500, 413). Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body 3.9–5.8 mm (mean ± SD; 5.0 ± 0.6 mm, n = 21) long, color of live specimens white. Cephalosome (Fig. 1 A–D) almost square, with posterior margin convex, about one-fifth of total length. Frontal border (Fig. 1 B) with several setae, medially notched by 2 frontolateral processes; notch anteriorly opened. Apex of frontolateral process serrate. Eyes well developed, lateral and sessile, about one-fifth length of cephalosome. Supraocular lobe slightly prominent. Paraocular ornamentation present as several tubercles around the eyes. Dorsal sulcus deep and narrow. Pereonites (Fig. 1 A) sparsely covered with setae. Pereonites 1–7 about half of total length. Pereonite 1 very short, not fused, concave anteriorly. Pereonites 2, 3, and 4 of same width. Pereonite 2 twice as long as pereonite 1; lateral margins extend anteriorly. Pereonite 3 slightly longer than pereonite 2. Pereonite 4 with constriction anteriorly, twice as long as pereonite 3. Pereonites 5 and 6 together subequal in length to pereonites 2–4 combined. Pereonites 5 and 6 with areae laterales and lobi laterales, respectively. Pereonite 7 short and narrow, overlapping pleonite 1. Pleonites (Fig. 1 A) with several setae on lateral margins subequal in length. Pleonites and pleotelson about one-fourth of total length. Pleonal epimera not pronounced. Pleotelson (Fig. 1 K) triangular, with middle of outer margins convex; 3 pairs of small setae on center, lateral margin, and distal apex. Antenna 1 (Fig. 1 E) composed of 3 peduncular and 5 flagellar articles; 2 and 3 feather-like bristles on external margins of peduncles 1 and 2, respectively. Internal margins of peduncles 1 and 2 with 1 seta. Several setae on external and distal margins of peduncle 3. Length ratio of peduncular articles about 1: 1: 2. Featherlike bristles on flagellar articles 1 and 5. Aesthetascs on articles 3 and 5. Article 5 terminates in 3 long setae. Length ratio of 5 flagellar articles about 1: 12: 2: 1: 2. Antenna 2 (Fig. 1 F) slightly longer than antenna 1; 2 and 3 feather-like bristles and several setae on peduncle articles 3 and 4, respectively. Length ratio of peduncular articles about 1: 1: 2: 3. Few setae on distal margins of flagellar articles 1–6. Article 7 terminates in 4 long setae. Length ratio of flagellar articles approximately 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 1. Mandibles (Fig. 1 B–D) three-fourths length of cephalosome. Carina unarmed. Apex curved internally. Dentate blade occupies about two-fifths length of mandible. Basal neck and erisma prominent. One mandibular seta on middle of dorsal surface. Pylopod (Fig. 1 D, G) with 3 articles, ventral surfaces of article 1 with 19 setae, article 2 with 18 setae. Article 1 with 3 areolae, large and elliptical, fringed by fine setae on external margin, and 47 plumose setae on internal margin. Article 2 circular and fringed by fine setae. Article 3 minute. Maxilliped (Fig. 1 H) with fine setae on lateral margin. Endite reaches palp article 2. Palp articles 1–4 with 6, 8, 5 and 8 plumose setae on external margins, respectively. Article 4 terminates in 4 setae. Pereopods (Fig. 1 J) subequal in shape and bearing many setae; longer on outer margin than inner margin. Basis oblong; with 2 feather-like bristles on outer margin. Ischium about three-fourths length of basis, becoming larger distally. Merus about half length of ischium. Carpus elliptical and about four-fifths length of merus. Propodus rectangular, about 1.2 times longer than carpus; with 2 spines on inner-mid and inner-distal margins. Dactylus with few setae. Length of dactylus and unguis combined about half that of propodus. All pereopods similar in shape and size. Penes (Fig. 1 I) composed of 2 contiguous papillae; not prominent. Pleopodal peduncle (Fig. 1 L) fringed with fine setae, 1 seta on outer distal corner; coupling hook on inner margin. Both pleopodal rami oval-shaped and equal in length. All pleopods subequal in shape. Pleopod 1 exopod with 7 plumose setae, 6 plumose setae on endopod; pleopod 2 exopod with 9 plumose setae, endopod with 7 plumose setae. Appendix masculina extends beyond half of endopod of pleopod 2. Exopod of pleopods 3–5 with 9 setae, endopod with 8 setae. Uropodal rami (Fig. 1 K) subequal in length, extending beyond apex of pleotelson. Exopod with 15 setae on margin. Endopod withng 12 setae on margin and 2 coupling setae on dorsal surface. Female (Fig. 2). Body 4.1–5.5 mm (4.5 ± 0.3 mm, n = 17), color of live specimens light orange or yellow. Cephalosome (Fig. 2 A) elliptical. Frontal margin slightly convex. Eyes well developed, lateral and sessile. Pereonites (Fig. 2 A, B) with several setae on lateral margins and dorsal surface, swollen between pereonites 3 and 6. Pereonite 1 very short, not fused. Pereonites 2 and 3 with lateral margins that extend anteriorly. Pereonites 3–6 oval, with 3 sutures. Lateral shields of pereopods 4–6 visible dorsally. Pereopod 7 visible dorsally, short and narrow. Pleonites (Fig. 2 A, B) with several setae subequal in length. Pleotelson (Fig. 2 G) triangular with an acute apex. 5 pairs of simple setae on dorsal surface and apex. Antenna 1 (Fig. 2 C) composed of 3 peduncular and 4 flagellar articles. Pedunclar articles covered with scales and fine setae. Aesthetasc on articles 2–4. Article 4 terminates in 3 setae. Antenna 2 (Fig. 2 D) composed of 4 peduncular and 7 flagellar articles. Pedunclar articles covered with scales and fine setae. Pylopod (Fig. 2 E) with 3 articles; article 2 rectangular; article 3 minute. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 F) endite sparsely covered with fine setae, reaching half of article 1 of palp. Basis and articles 1–4 with 2, 7, 9, 8, and 9 plumose setae, respectively. Pereopods (Fig. 2 G) bearing fewer setae than those of male, covered with scales and fine setae on ischium, merus, and carpus. Each article more slender in shape than those of male. Pereopods 5 and 6 larger than other pereopods. Pleopodal peduncle (Fig. 2 I) has a few setae on lateral margin. Exopods fan-shaped and with 8 (pleopod 3) or 9 (pleopods 1, 2, 4, and 5) plumose setae on distal margins. Endopods subequal in shape and size to exopods; 7 (pleopod 3) or 8 (pleopods 1, 2, 4, and 5) plumose setae on distal margins. All pleopods subequal in shape. Uropodal peduncle and both rami (Fig. 2 H) subequal in shape. Uropodal rami extend beyond apex of pleotelson. Exopod bears 12 long setae on margin. Endopod bears 9 setae on margin and 2 pairs and 7 featherlike bristles on dorsal surface. Praniza larva (Figs. 3, 5 A). Body 4.2–5.8 mm (5.1 ± 0.5 mm, n = 7). Thorax of live specimen dark red or black with white speckles or dapples (Fig. 5 A). Other parts light brown or white. Cephalosome (Fig. 3 A) triangular. Eyes well developed, and lateral and sessile. Pereonite 1 (Fig. 3 A, B) very short, reaching lateral margin. Anterior margins of pereonites 2 and 3 concave. Lateral shields of pereopods 4–6 visible in dorsal view, elliptical. Pereonite 7 visible in dorsal view; short and narrow, overlapping pleonite 1. Pleonites 1–4 subequal in length. Epimera not prominent in dorsal view. Pleotelson (Fig. 3 K) triangular, with dentate margin at apex, bearing 2 pairs of simple setae on posterior lateral margin and apex. Antenna 1 (Fig. 3 C) composed of 3 peduncular and 4 flagellar articles. Internal margins of peduncles 2 and 3 fringed by fine setae. An aesthetasc each on articles 2–4. Antenna 2 (Fig. 3 D) composed of 4 peduncular and 7 flagellar articles; longer than antenna 1. Internal margins of peduncles 3 and 4 fringed by fine setae. Gnathopod (Fig. 3 E) with pereopodal shape. Ischium 2 times as long as basis. Merus subequal in length to ischium. Carpus reduced. Propodus with distal bulbous protrusion. Mandible (Fig. 3 F) with 9 teeth on inner margin. Maxillule (Fig. 3 G) with slender article; 6 teeth on apex. Paragnath (Fig. 3 H) slightly curved. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 I) composed of a basis and two-articled palp. Basis with coupling hook on inner margin and an endite with one seta. Apex of palp 1 has 4 fine setae, 2 stout setae, 2 teeth, and endite; style-like with 3 teeth facing ventrally. 5 setae and 1 spine on distal margin of palp 2. Pereopods (Fig. 3 J) more slender shape and more scarce setae than those of male. Pereopods 5 and 6 larger than the other pereopods. Pleopodal peduncles (Figs. 3 L) with coupling hook on inner margin. Exopods fan-shaped and 8 (pleopod 1) or 9 (pleopod 2–5) plumose setae on distal margins. Endopods subequal in shape and size to exopods, and eight (pleopods 1–5) plumose setae on distal margins. All pleopods subequal in shape. Uropodal peduncle and both rami (Fig. 3 K) subequal in shape to those of male. Uropodal rami fringed with fine setae and do not reach apex of pleotelson. Etymology. The specific name maculosa is derived from Latin, meaning “the color disposed in broad, irregular blotches” and referring to the larval thorax. Remarks. Gnathia maculosa is most similar to G. trimaculata. However, G. m a c u l o s a is distinguished from G. trimaculata by deeper and narrower dorsal sulcus on cephalosome, a narrower body, and the shape of the pylopod (slender pylopod in G. trimaculata) (Coetzee et al., 2009). The overall proportions and mandibles of G. m a c u l o s a are also similar to G. odontomachus Cohen & Poore, 1994. However, G. odontomachus is smaller in its total length (2.9 mm) than G. m a c u l o s a and has a mediofrontal process (Cohen & Poore, 1994). Gnathia capillata, G. grandilaris, and G. pantherina have also recorded from elasmobranchs. These species can be distinguished from the following features. Gnathia capillata has a shallow and wide dorsal sulcus and a notch on article 1 of the pylopod (Nunomura & Honma, 2004). The total length of G. grandilaris is larger (5.7–8.3 mm), and has a medio-frontal process on frontal boarder and more slender pylopod with two areolae (Coetzee et al., 2008). Gnathia pantherina has pectinate scales on the pleotelson, fine setae on peduncle articles of the antennae, and no areola on the pylopod (Smit & Basson, 2002). Gnathia camuripenis and G. l i m i c o l a might be found with G. m a c u l o s a, as their locales are near each other. However, G. camuripenis and G. limicola are smaller (the former is longest 2.8 mm; the latter is longest 2.6 mm) and have prominent penes fused into a laterally compressed blade (Tanaka, 2004; Ota et al. 2007). Thus, adult males of these species are easily distinguished from those of G. m a c u l o s a. Only a few detailed descriptions of adult females are available for gnathiids. In the genus Gnathia, female mouthparts have been described in detail only for the following six species, i.e. G. c a m u r i p e n i s, G. limicola, G. africana, G. pantherina, G. gurjanovae, and G. trimaculata (Smit & Basson, 2002; Smit et al., 2002; Tanaka, 2004; Golovan, 2006; Ota et al., 2007; Coetzee et al., 2009). Of these species, the females of G. trimaculata are most similar to the females of G. m a c u l o s a. However, G. trimaculata is distinguished from G. m a c u l o s a by a wider pleotelson and the simple pappose setae on the frontal boarder (Coetzee et al., 2009). The praniza larvae of G. pantherina, G. capillata, G. grandilaris and G. trimaculata may be found with those of G. m a c u l o s a, as they are ectoparasites on elasmobranchs. The apex of the pleotelson does not extend beyond the uropodal rami in these 3 species, except for G. capillata (Smit & Basson, 2002; Nunomura & Honma, 2004; Coetzee et al., 2008, 2009). Gnathia capillata is distinguished from G. m a c u l o s a by a large plumose seta on peduncle 4 of antenna 2 (Nunomura & Honma, 2004).Published as part of Ota, Yuzo & Hirose, Euichi, 2009, Description of Gnathia maculosa and a new record of Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), ectoparasites of elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters, pp. 50-60 in Zootaxa 2114 on pages 51-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18794
Berndtia haradai Chan & Kolbasov & Hirose & Mezaki & Suwa 2014, sp. nov.
No full textBerndtia haradai sp. nov. (Figures 2B, 3I, 9–12, 22B, 23B) Materials examined Holotype. SMBL Type 462, one specimen, bored in the coral Psammocora superficialis, Tanabe Bay, Wakayama, Japan. 01 Aug 2010, depth 10 m. Paratype. SMBL Type 463, two specimens, same data as holotype. CEL-Acro-515-519, five specimens, bored in the coral Psammocora profundacella, Zanpa, Okinawa, Japan, 4 May 2012, depth 10 m. Diagnosis Female. Operculum wide, oval shaped, composed of a pair of massive opercular bars. When alive, the opercular bars pale blue with two pairs of small, symmetrical irregular shaped black colourations, located at the anterior and middle parts. The posterior lobes of the operculum very small, depressed, not protruded and with dense setae along posterior margin. Lateral margins of the opercular bars with short serrated (mostly triple-pointed) teeth. Outer surfaces of the opercular bars with small, rare spherical nodules, without long setae. Thorax without two ventral conical processes. Burrows in Psammocora corals. Description Female. Burrow opening wide oval shaped, well fitted with the operculum shape. Operculum wide oval shaped, with a pair of massive opercular bars, separated by a straight occludent slit. When alive, the opercular bars pale blue with two pairs of small, symmetrical irregular shaped black colourations, located at the anterior and middle parts (Figure 3I). Outer surface of the opercular bars concaved, their anterior and posterior ends separated by deep notches from the mantle (Figure 9A, K). Outer surface of the opercular bars with numerous small spherical nodules and short simple setae (Figure 9A, B). Lateral margins of the opercular bars with small, serrated (mostly triple-pointed) teeth (Figure 9C, D). Posterior lobes of operculum very small, slightly swollen and non-protruded, with simple setae along the posterior margin (Figures 9F, K, L, 10A, 23B). The occludent margins of the opercular bars have numerous short simple setae and the comb collar (in posterior half) comprises villous setiform protrusions, extending towards the posterior region and terminating at the posterior lobes of operculum (Figure 9A, G, H). The lateral surfaces of the operculum are equipped with numerous sharp single pointed teeth, dense rows of massive multifid (ctenoid) scales and simple setae (Figure 9J, L). Mantle sac yellowish and with sparsely distributed bifid, trifid and quadrifid teeth on the surface (Figure 9I, M, N). Orificial knob and lateral bars absent. Mouth cirri with short rami, anterior ramus six-segmented longer than fivesegmented posterior ramus, both rami with long setulated and serrate setae (Figures 10B, 12C–F). Labrum saddle-shaped, bullate, with convex upper edge armed with developed dorsal process, horseshoe-shaped anterior edge smooth, lateral surfaces bear sparse long simple setae, dense rows of multifid ctenoid scales cover lateral surfaces and dorsal process (Figures 10C, 11A, B). Distal part of mandibular palp trapezoid, elongated, narrow, with dense long simple setae on tip and sparse simple shorter setae on both anterior and posterior margins (Figures 10D, 11C). Mandible with three teeth excluding the inferior angle, first biggest upper tooth separated from the other lower teeth, lower margin beneath third tooth with two small sharp denticles and inferior angle ended in four large massive denticles, lateral surfaces in lower half of blade with tufts of dense short biserrated setae (Figures 10E, F, 11D, E). Maxillule double notched, with a larger upper notch (one-quarter of total length of the cutting edge) and a smaller lower notch (onesixth of total length of the cutting edge) (Figures 10G, 11F). Two large cuspidate and two small setae above the larger notch (Figure 11G), a cluster of five sharp setae inserted on the cutting edge between upper and lower notches (Figures 10G, 11F). Sparse biserrated setae on lateral surfaces along the cutting edge of the maxillule (Figure 11F, G). Maxilla subtriangular, with dense simple setae on outer margin and tip and with short and sparse serrate setae on inner margin (Figures 10H, 11H). Thorax with five pairs of biramous terminal cirri, no conical ventral processes observed (Figure12A, B). Annuli of terminal cirri normally with single distal serrate seta on posterior margin (on each second – fourth annulus) and paired long distal and small middle setae with fine setules on anterior margin (Figure 12G, H). Dwarf males One to three dwarf males can be occasionally found attached to the exterior of female mantle sac or to the walls of the burrow. Males elongated, tadpole shaped, and with an enlarged globular terminal ampulla on short stalk at the posterior end. Some opaque reddish purple granules were found at the middle of the elongated body, which believed to be remnants of the cypris eyes, attachment cypris antennules without stalk (Figure 22B). Etymology The species named in the honour of late Prof. I. Harada in Seto Marine Laboratory, who also initiated diversity studies of the Berndtia in Japan. Distribution At present, only recorded Wakayama, Japan and Okinawa, Japan. Subtidal, in Psammocora corals. Comparison (Table 1) Berndtia haradai is similar to B. purpurea in having small, not developed posterior lobes of operculum (Figure 23B), simple, blunt nodules of the outer surface of the opercular bars. However, B. haradai differs from B. purpurea in having more sparse nodules of the opercular bars, two-notched cutting edge of maxillules and larger terminal ampulla without stalk of the dwarf male (Figures 22A, D, 23B, C, F, G). Berndtia denticulata sp. nov. and B. nodosa also possess small, not developed posterior lobes of the opercular bars. Berndtia haradai differs from these species in having small, simple blunt, instead of noticeable rosette or sharp nodules on outer surface of the opercular bars. Berndtia haradai differs from B. utinomii sp. nov. and B. fossata by absence of developed posterior lobes of operculum. In addition, it differs from B. utinomii sp. nov. by absence of ventral conical processes of the thorax and from B. fossata by absence of multiserrated teeth on lateral margins of the opercular bars.Published as part of Chan, Benny K. K., Kolbasov, Gregory A., Hirose, Mamiko, Mezaki, T. & Suwa, R., 2014, Biodiversity and biogeography of the coral boring barnacles of the genus Berndtia (Cirripedia: Acrothoracica) in the West Pacific, with description of three new species, pp. 1503-1541 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (25 - 26) on pages 1516-1522, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.896488, http://zenodo.org/record/519378
Tissue culture of human thyroid cancer
No full textHuman thyroid cancer cells in the pleural effusion were serially cultivated in vitro. Three kinds of cell lines were established from the same primary culture and were designated as PS, TS and TR lines, respectively. These three have been cultured for 574 days up to May 1, 1968.
The cells of PS and TR lines were epithelial-like, whereas those of TS line revealed fibroblastic character. The chromosome numbers of PS and TR lines exhibited the modes near the hypertetraploid region, while TS line showed the mode of hypo-triploid number. Eosinophilic particles which were stained metachromatically by toluidine blue were present in the cytoplasm of these cells. The histochemical
findings of the cells of each line were identical with those of thyroid cancer cells in vivo. The cells aggregated by the gyratory culture showed epithelial characters under microscopic observation of the sectioned specimens. The tumors produced in conditoned hamsters demonstrated undifferentiated cancer, which resembled the metastatic thyroid cancer of the patient. Neither collagen nor argentaffine fibers were detected with Van Gieson staining or silver impregenation.</p
因子分析モデルにおける構造正則化 (高次元量子雑音の統計モデリング)
Full text linkGroup LassoやFused Lassoをはじめとする構造正則化は, モデルの構造を抽出する有効な手法として広く用いられている. 本稿では, 因子分析モデルにおける因子負荷行列の構造正則化について考える. とくに, 因子回転でよく用いられるQuartimin基準(Carroll 1953)に着目する. Hirose and Terada (2016)は, Quartimin基準に基づく構造正則化が, 正則化パラメータpをp→∞としたとき, 完全箪純構造とよばれる望ましい性質を持ち, さらに, その完全単純構造推定は, k-meansによる変数クラスタリングの一般化になることを示した. しかし, Hirose and Terada (2016)は尤度関数に基づくアプローチであり, 証明が少し煩雑で分かりにくい. そこで, 本稿では, 本質的に分かりやすく証明をするために, 2乗損失に基づくQuartimin正則化を行う
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