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Replication Data for Post-Disaster Online Writing Group Appendix 1
No full textJotform survey participant responses fro Post-Disaster Online Writing Group stud
Fighting for Us, Inside and Out: National Identity Contestation and Foreign Policy in Turkey
No full textIn the early 2000s, Turkey’s foreign policy orientation swung enthusiastically toward the EU, just when a party with roots in an explicitly anti-Western tradition of political Islam assumed power. Beginning in the AKP’s second term, however, Turkey’s foreign policy veered sharply away from the EU, in favor of deeper ties with former Ottoman territories and other Muslim states. Concurrent with this external shift eastward, sweeping internal initiatives began expanding the presence of Sunni Islam in the education system, the media, the presidency, and many other areas. From a broader historical perspective, Turkey’s domestic and foreign policy shifts are surprising; as a long-time NATO ally and defender against perceived encroachments of Islam into the public sphere, Turkey seemed to be firmly embedded in a Western, secular tradition. How was such a drastic reorientation of Turkey – inside and out – possible under the AKP, particularly when a similar transformation attempted by a predecessor party was quickly and resoundingly thwarted just a decade earlier? Domestic politics and economic arguments fail to explain the timing of Turkey’s eastward shift and its domestic repercussions, while actor- and party-based Islamist identity approaches cannot account for Turkey’s initial EU-centric orientation. As this dissertation demonstrates, identity is indeed deeply important for understanding foreign policy, but existing accounts fail to connect Turkey’s domestic discursive struggles with its multiple international outcomes. In teasing out this complex link, I conceptualize foreign policy as an arena, alternative to domestic politics, in which supporters of proposals for national identity compete to advance the spread of their own proposal across a population. To analyze these struggles and their inextricable, organic relationship with foreign policy, I develop a theory of identity hegemony. The theory posits that supporters of competing proposals engage in processes of contestation, identifying a mechanism that generates changes in support for particular proposals over time. Identity hegemony theory argues that elites choose to take their identity contestation “outside” to the foreign policy arena when identity gambits at the domestic level are blocked by those supporting a competing proposal. Examining evidence collected from archives, interviews, surveys, popular culture and social media, and ethnographic observation, I employ intertextual analysis to identify four main identity proposals in Turkey – Ottoman Islamism, Republican Nationalism, Western Liberalism, and Pan-Turkic Nationalism – and parse out the domestic and foreign policy interests generated by each. I trace processes of contestation over the content of Turkey’s national identity since the founding of the Republic, analyzing the formation of identity-based obstacles established by Republican Nationalists to block the pursuit of hegemony by rival supporters. I then demonstrate how the AKP utilized an EU-oriented foreign policy to weaken these obstacles by selectively applying accession criteria, succeeding in opening the space for Ottoman Islamism where efforts in the domestic arena had failed. Finally, I analyze how the AKP’s initiatives to realize Ottoman Islamist interests at home and abroad, once having weakened Republican Nationalism’s obstacles, inadvertently laid the groundwork for alternative identity proposals to emerge. Examining the advantages foreign policy offers as an alternative arena in which elites can politicize identity debates helps to distill the complexity of the Turkish case, while offering an original, comprehensive approach to wider studies of the relationship between national identity debates and foreign policy
Mapping the Contours of Identity Contestation: Hybridization, Polarization, and Self-Marginalization
Full text linkThis paper is part of a larger project that forays into the murky waters of sub-national identity contestation, understood here as struggles among members of a state’s population who support competing various proposals for the content of that state’s national identity. The paper attempts to capture these contours, map their shifts, and parse out the mechanisms by which these changes occur in Turkey, a state with multiple, politically salient identity cleavages. To do so, the paper analyzes these three key episodes that each constitute major challenges to the ruling party’s pursuit of identity hegemony for its own proposal of Ottoman Islamism. Each of these challenges shaping the contours of Turkey’s identity debates over the course of just two years (May 2013 – May 2015) represents a different dynamic of identity contestation: hybridization of opposition demonstrators during the Gezi Protests, polarization among supporters of the AKP and the Gülen Movement, and self-marginalization of the AKP through its increasingly radical rhetoric. Drawing from a wide array of popular culture and social media sources as well as interviews, surveys, and participant observation, the analysis provides new insight into the vernacular politics of identity in contemporary Turkey, while contributing to wider studies of social movements and contentious politics through its examination of various mechanisms of change
Georgia in His Mind: A Cognitive Explanation for George W. Bush’s Decision-Making in the 2008 August War
Full text linkThis paper explores the case of US President George W. Bush’s unwavering support for the Republic of Georgia in its aggressive engagement with Russia during the 2008 August War, a nearly universally acknowledged judgment error that puzzled Bush’s own team as much as it did foreign policy analysts. Finding explanations grounded in alliance behavior, audience costs, and resource security inadequate, the paper offers a cognitive heuristics account that focuses on the fundamental attribution error (FAE). Examining how the FAE can function in terms of assessing the actions of perceived friends reveals Bush’s failure to update his beliefs about the increasingly erratic behavior of Georgian President and Bush confidante Mikhail Saakashvili. In presenting an explanation for this empirical puzzle, the paper contributes a new perspective on the FAE of use in the burgeoning literature employing psychological approaches to foreign policy outcomes
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No One Lost Turkey: Erdogan’s Foreign Policy Quest for Agency with Russia and Beyond (August 2019)
No full textIn this featured roundtable essay for Vol. 2, Iss. 4, Lisel Hintz discusses the future of Turkey’s foreign policy and Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s vision for a “New Turkey.”LBJ School of Public Affair
Symbolic Amplification and Suboptimal Weapons Procurement: Appendix
No full textIn this appendix we provide further detail on the methods we used for recruitment of and data collection from interview participants for this study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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