1,721,027 research outputs found
Sustained performance in the Oil Industry. A Dynamic Resource-based Model.
No full textWe provide a model of exploratio strategies in the oil industry by reviewing literature on exploration and exploitation and by highlighting key specificities of the oil industry
Developing a Brokering Capacity within the Firm. The Enactment of Market Knowledge
No full textIs market knowledge really useful to advance innovation and why are some companies better at using market knowledge to generate innovation than others? This paper addresses this issue conceptually, building on the assumption that it is distribution and usage of market knowledge which makes the difference in innovative competition. We build on two different streams of research: market orientation and market knowledge, and knowledge brokering. We show why the emergence of internal market knowledge brokers may enhance the opportunity of innovation for organizations. We distinguish four different types of internal brokers. This distinction is related to the typology of knowledge to be transferred between two internal parties and the cognitive distance between these parties. Conclusions and implication are drawn on how companies should manage these figures of internal brokers in order to favor the distribution and the usage of market knowledge on the edge of innovation
Knowledge Management and the Emerging Organizational Models of Distributed Innovation: Towards a Taxonomy
No full textTo sustain increased levels of innovation, scholars have suggested that firms need to move the focus outside their boundaries, and cast their net wide for knowledge that can facilitate the process of innovation. Since Cohen and Levinthal (1990)’s seminal study on absorptive capacities, the creation and development of innovations has been viewed as an inter-organizational process where firms produce new knowledge but can also absorb part of it from outside (Powell, Koput, Smith-Doherr, 1996). In several contexts - most of all in science-based and high tech ones - it is today economically feasible to operate a division of innovative labour among entities which are institutionally different and are driven by a separate system of incentives (Arora, Fosfuri, Gambardella, 2001). With this regard, Information and Communications Technologies (in particular, the Internet) have greatly enhanced the ability of firms to expand their repertoire of knowledge by engaging external actors in the innovation process. The Internet in fact enables the creation of virtual environments – platforms for collaboration that allow firms to tap into customer knowledge through an ongoing dialogue (Nambisan, 2002; Sawhney & Prandelli, 2000). To fully leverage the power of virtual environments, the authors propose that firms need to combine direct channels of connection with mediated channels created by virtual brokers. These actors create their own virtual environments for knowledge transfer and provide this knowledge as a service to firms. With an in-depth grounded study of several operators the authors identify different archetypes of virtual brokers of knowledge finalized to distributed innovation
Managing the complexity of the supply chain: Two case studies in the Made-in-Italy sectors
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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