179,206 research outputs found
Duality of Function: Activation for Meaningless Nonwords and Semantic Codes in the Same Brain Areas
No full textStudies of the neural substrates of semantic (word meaning) processing have typically focused on semantic manipulations, with less consideration for potential differences in difficulty across conditions. While the idea that particular brain regions can support multiple functions is widely accepted, studies of specific cognitive domains rarely test for co-location with other functions. Here we start with standard univariate analyses comparing words to meaningless nonwords, replicating our recent finding that this contrast can activate task-positive regions for words, and default-mode regions in the putative semantic network for nonwords, pointing to difficulty effects. Critically, this was followed up with a multivariate analysis to test whether the same areas activated for meaningless nonwords contained semantic information sufficient to distinguish high- from low-imageability words. Indeed, this classification was performed reliably better than chance at 75% accuracy. This is compatible with two non-exclusive interpretations. Numerous areas in the default-mode network are task-negative in the sense of activating for less demanding conditions, and the same areas contain information supporting semantic cognition. Therefore, while areas of the default mode network have been hypothesized to support semantic cognition, we offer evidence that these areas can respond to both domain-general difficulty effects, and to specific aspects of semantics.I paid the open access fee, so this article should be "open access" from the journal.Peer reviewe
Hillary Schreiber \u2700, Speakeasy, R-MWC
No full textHillary Schreiber \u2700 on Speakeasy at R-MWChttps://digitalcommons.hollins.edu/riding/1110/thumbnail.jp
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reception - Dina Demetrio, Thomas Demetrio, Hillary Peck, Kerry Peck
No full textDina Demetrio (Class of 2003), Thomas Demetrio (Class of 1973), Hillary Peck, and Kerry R. Peck (Class of 1978) at the 125 Alumni of Distinction reception.https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/alumni_125/1111/thumbnail.jp
18 Million Cracks in the Glass Ceiling Language, Gender and Power in Hillary R. Clinton’s Political Rhetoric
No full textHistorically, women have been largely excluded from the majority of political leadership roles. In the USA, despite centuries of progress made by equal rights advocates, philosophers, suffragists and feminists, women still remain manifestly underrepresented in top echelon public positions such as those of senator and governor and, in particular, that of President which still appears to be Beyond the reach of a woman. This study explores the intricate relationship between language, politics and gender through the analysis of the controversial and much-debated figure of Hillary R. Clinton. The investigation focuses both on Hillary R. Clinton as the subject of discourse, i.e. as producer of texts and speeches, and as the object of discourse, i.e. as the topic and target of mass media discourse Her viable bid for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 American presidential elections once again raised questions about biases, stereotypes, sexism and women’s discrimination both in the political arena and among the media
Genetic and epigenetic architectures of neurological protein biomarkers in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 - GWAS Proteins
No full textData supporting the paper Hillary, R et al. "Genome and epigenome wide studies of neurological etc" https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11177-x . Specifically: GWAS proteins (Genome Wide Association Study)
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A new large caseid (Synapsida, Caseasauria) from the Permian of Rodez (France), including a reappraisal of “<i>Casea</i>”<i>rutena</i>Sigogneau-Russell & Russell, 1974
No full textReisz, Robert R., Maddin, Hillary C., Fröbisch, Jörg, Falconnet, Jocelyn (2011): A new large caseid (Synapsida, Caseasauria) from the Permian of Rodez (France), including a reappraisal of "Casea" rutena Sigogneau- Russell & Russell, 1974. Geodiversitas 33 (2): 227-246, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n2a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n2a
An investigation into the legal performance of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs), encompassing compliance levels, the impact and effectiveness of environmental legislation and improving SME environmental compliance control systems
No full textThere has been a great deal written about the difficulties faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) compared to larger businesses. SMEs face difficulties complying with environmental legislation, particularly because of the amount of complex law. This can result in the ‘environment’ being treated as less of a priority even though SMEs collectively have a significant environmental impact. Over the past few years, the UK has been focused towards achieving ‘better regulation’. In particular, Hampton highlighted the need for more strategic thinking when it comes to developing regulation. Hampton suggested that regulators should use a risk-based model similar to that used by the England and Wales Environment Agency (EA). This view is shared by Local Authorities and other environmental regulators; however, there has been criticism from some commentators who suggest that certain legislation is not successfully enforced.The increased use of risk assessment by the EA has reduced the number of inspections resulting in more ‘pressure’ being put on remaining inspections as well as there being less opportunity to identify non-compliance. In addition, those businesses not included under direct regulatory regimes are unlikely to be audited for compliance against any environmental legislation; consequently a significant portion of all businesses go un-inspected and uncontrolled. Because of the number of SMEs, there needs to be an effective system of regulation that controls activities and targets those businesses that pose a risk to the environment, without unnecessarily over-burdening SMEs. It is clear from the coalition Government’s planned austerity measures in 2011 that management of the environment will have to be done with less resource than before. This thesis draws together findings from research conducted between 2005-2011. Previous research on compliance with legislation has often been conducted in isolation with little research comparing compliance across a range of legislation, and certainly not using triangulation methods to assess SMEs’ overall legal performance.This study aimed to investigate the legal performance of UK SMEs with a range of environmental legislation. This study identifies: • the level of compliance (‘spirit’ and ‘letter’ of the law) with environmental legislation;• the impact and effectiveness of environmental legislation; and• ways of improving the environmental compliance control systems for SMEs.The study incorporated a wide range of environmental legislation, including that covering:waste management/ transfer, environmental permitting (including waste exemptions), site waste management plans, WEEE, RoHS, packaging, oil storage as well as identifying other potential environmental offences. Detailed compliance audits were conducted with 44 SMEs from 5 different sectors from the north-west of England. Interviews with SME management, site staff, regulators, Government policy officials and support organisations; in total 99 individuals were interviewed. The study indicates: • Low levels of compliance with the ‘letter’ and ‘spirit’ of the law.• Knowledge and understanding of environmental legislation was poor; no single SME, regulator or support organisation appreciated ‘environmental compliance’ as a whole.• Enforcement activity and surveillance of the SMEs audited was very low; this reflected nation enforcement figures.• The impact of environmental legislation on SMEs is overstated. The impact increased commensurate with ‘effort to comply’ and ‘enforcement action’.• There was evidence of direct and indirect environmental harm as a result of noncompliance.• Regulation can only be effective if it is complied with; measuring the link between the legislation and environmental protection must be accompanied by a clear understanding of compliance levels.This study produces an initial assessment methodology for SMEs, compliance performance indicators and recommendations to improve SME compliance controls
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