1,721,051 research outputs found
Transport and space and social equity impacts
Full text linkThis introductory chapter, from Robin Hickman, Beatriz Mella Lira, Moshe Givoni and Karst Geurs, outlines the topic of transport, including transport systems and new transport projects, and the associated spatial and social impacts. Definitions of transport, space and equity are given, providing the framework for the chapters that follow. The context to the book is found in our cities, where we see increasing inequity, in income, activities and life opportunities. A focus on supporting economic growth, the financialisation of development, and overlooking of distributional issues, has led to very unequal lifestyles, including significantly unequal participation in activities across many cities globally. Transport systems and new transport projects play an important part in this, with different transport infrastructure leading to inequitable travel behaviours, such as certain socio-demographic groups using particular parts of the transport system and accessing particular activities and opportunities.</p
Transport and development: synthesis and next steps?
Full text linkThe relationships between transport and development have become a central part of transport thinking, particularly in the cities of the developed countries. These cities already have a high level of connectivity with dense street patterns, roads and public transport systems that can accommodate most traffic under normal conditions. The quality of that transport network has been seen to be central to the economic success of cities and in making them an attractive centre for investment. Increasingly, the transport benefits of new infrastructure investment have been enhanced by the wider economic benefits brought about through agglomeration economies, labour market benefits (better employment opportunities), and other multiplier effects. In the rapidly growing cities in the developing world, there is still the need for new infrastructure to accommodate the huge increases in demand arising from population growth and from increased wealth. Yet in time, even these ‘new cities’ will have to limit new investment as demand for travel always seems to exceed the means to provide for that demand. Questions are now being raised in all cities about what is a sufficient amount of infrastructure and whether issues of demand management and capacity management should become the central concerns of decision makers rather than continuing to follow the supply led future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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