1,721,056 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Investigating the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using genome-wide methodologies
Full text linkCharacterizing the drug resistance mutations that have evolved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has important implications for control of tuberculosis (TB) disease, through more accurate and timely use of therapy. Whole genome sequencing of Mtb can assist this characterization by providing insights into loci and specific mutations underlying drug resistance and the transmission success that enables their spread. We hypothesised that genetic variation outside of known resistance-conferring mutations might give additional information concerning drug resistance and fitness. Firstly, we explored the effect of lineage on the identification of drug resistance associations, applying novel lineage level genome-wide association study (GWAS) and convergence-based (PhyC) methods to drug resistance phenotypes of a global dataset of Mtb lineages 2 and 4. We identified known drug resistance variants and novel associations, uniquely identifying associations for lineage-specific GWAS analyses and reporting 17 novel associations between antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and Mtb genomic variants, demonstrating the utility of lineage-specific GWAS. To further examine the genomic basis of extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB, we next applied the GWAS and PhyC techniques to a global dataset of 18,255 Mtb isolates. Through GWAS we identified 20 loci in novel associations within highly drug-resistant Mtb strains. Cluster-based GWAS and a lack of overlap with associations identified through convergent-evolution-based analyses confirmed that many such associations have been driven by transmission in outbreaks of XDR-TB. We then investigated the feasibility of applying a learning classifier system to this dataset to predict rifampicin resistance and discover candidate loci for novel involvement, finally enabling a sensitivity of 93.7% and a specificity of 94.8% of rifampicin resistance prediction. Finally, we applied this methodology to the XDR phenotype in lineages 2 and 4 of a global dataset (n=13,270), achieving high accuracy of prediction and identifying a number of candidate loci for involvement in XDR, including candidates for epistasis
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immuno-epidemiological analysis of dengue to enhance surveillance.
Full text linkAs dengue continues to emerge globally, it is vital surveillance systems in endemic countries optimise routine case report data to accurately monitor dengue burden and target limited control interventions. Typical dengue surveillance practices, that often rely on case counts, are heavily distorted by underreporting. The WHO therefore promotes integrating additional surveillance practices to better describe dengue transmission. Across the Philippines, recently established laboratory surveillance routinely collects molecular and serological metrics from cross-sectional surveys of suspected dengue case reports. Research in this thesis aimed to investigate how analysis of laboratory surveillance data could be enhanced to better characterise dengue transmission dynamics across the country. The variable clinical manifestations associated with dengue are influenced by successive serotype (DENV1-4) infections individuals experience and contribute to disease underreporting. Severe dengue disease is associated with a second DENV infection. However, distinguishing primary and secondary immune status remains challenging as molecular and serological kinetics change rapidly during disease and existing methods rely on paired sera collected from patients. Here, mixture modelling approaches were adopted to characterise DENV antibody dynamics and develop a dengue immune status algorithm that could determine primary and post-primary (secondary, tertiary or quaternary) status among acute-stage dengue case reports using single serum samples. This framework achieved 90.5% agreement with the WHO gold standard method using paired sera. Surveillance metrics from this algorithm were then investigated as potential surrogate indicators of the dengue force of infection (FOI) estimated using catalytic models of age-seroprevalence and compared using Pearson’s R correlation coefficient. Across cities, the mean annual age of reporting primary infections strongly correlated (ρ: -0.85, p-value<0.001) with the FOI and highlighted prominent spatio-temporal heterogeneity in dengue burden. Notably, results also revealed reported dengue incidence was higher in cities with lower dengue FOI (ρ: -0.69, p-value:0.009) suggesting case reports represent inferior indicators of dengue burden. Common dengue serological diagnostics detect flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies and growing evidence suggests prior Zika virus exposure exacerbates subsequent dengue disease. Therefore, serological evidence of Zika was explored among dengue case reports. Findings revealed historical Zika exposure was widespread across the Philippines and an estimated 5.7% (95%CI: 3.0–10.4%) of the population became infected annually. To enhance dengue surveillance practices in low resource settings where laboratory testing is unfeasible, logistic regression models were utilised to determine dengue immune status using point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests. On specific days of disease, certain combinations of rapid test outcomes gave rise to clear immune status classifications. Together, findings in this report demonstrate how characterising dengue immune status can enhance laboratory surveillance to accurately monitor dengue transmission intensity
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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