1,720,971 research outputs found
Social Movement Activism and Entrepreneurial Collective Action in the Emergent US Wood Pellet Market
No full textIt Takes a Village: Exploring the Social Fabric Supporting Entrepreneurship in Emerging Market Communities
No full text203 pagesMy dissertation initiates scholarship analyzing income-inequality and entrepreneurship at a community level, a market mechanism not tested in prior research on communities and organizations. In addition, my dissertation initiates scholarship analyzing deviance and entrepreneurship at a community level, an institutional mechanism not tested in prior research on communities and organizations, as well as an institutional mechanism not developed within wider scholarship on institutions and entrepreneurship. The aforementioned analyses constitute chapters three and four of my dissertation respectively. Scholarship has traditionally argued that increased income equality reduces overall levels of entrepreneurship because economic elites will have less excess capital to re-invest into new businesses, there will be less incentive to practice entrepreneurship, and fewer people will be pushed into necessity-driven entrepreneurship. I test an alternative theory, based on social capital theory, arguing that a more even distribution of income engenders social capital, which in turn increases both the level and quality of entrepreneurial activity in communities. I test hypotheses using data from Mexico that tracks the entrepreneurial activity in every municipality in the country for the years 2000–2011. Longitudinal and within-country analysis remedy the methodological weakness of prior empirical work in this area. I find support for hypotheses grounded in a social capital perspective on income equality and entrepreneurship. Research at the nexus of institutional theory and entrepreneurship has not considered whether, and how, deviance from institutions impacts entrepreneurship. I argue that deviance will foster greater entrepreneurial activity in communities where it is not valued (or where traditional employment models are more valued). As deviance increases, a deviant subculture develops which yields higher social value for entrepreneurship as a career path in two ways. First, deviant subcultures value behaviors commonly associated with an entrepreneurial orientation: Risk-taking, experimentation, and independent thinking. Second, deviant subculture directly places higher value on entrepreneurship as a career path because it is viewed as disrupting the economic status quo of the dominant system. Thus, increasing aggregate levels of deviance should lead to increases in entrepreneurial activity. I test this argument using longitudinal data on all 2448 municipalities in Mexico. The results confirm my hypotheses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Institutional Actors And Entrepreneurial Choices: New Ventures In The Biodiesel Fuel Industry
Get PDFEntrepreneurs face a host of potential choices in creating new firms, yet little is known about how multiple institutional actors promoting different practices and technologies can affect entrepreneurial decision-making, especially at the beginning of new sectors and technological lifecycles. Using historical data and quantitative analyses of U.S. biodiesel producer foundings, technological innovation and diversity, I highlight the impact of competing institutional actors (agriculture trade associations) on entrepreneurial decision-making and activity. I posit that greater competition or heterogeneity of trade associations promoting various technologies will result in higher rates of biodiesel foundings as well as technological variation and innovation. I also analyze the moderating influences of competing institutional actors (Sierra Club/environmental lobby actors) and entrepreneurial network relations (captured by de novo and de alio entrants) on trade association effectiveness. In a final analysis, I explore the moderating influence of institutional actor size on actor heterogeneity. The dissertation contributes to the growing nexus of institutions and entrepreneurship research as well as to the research on technology entrepreneurship
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Recommended from our members
Essays on Nonmarket Strategy
No full textA growing body of strategy and management literature emphasizes the importance of nonmarket strategy, not only as a stand-alone strategy but also as part of an integrated strategy in dealing with frequent regulatory change and political/regulatory actors and agencies. Nevertheless, many areas in non-market strategy remain unexplored. In particular, scant research has examined the nonmarket behaviors of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). Thus, in my dissertation, I examine various aspects of non-market strategies using U.S. federal lobbying and other related datasets.
The first chapter with Jordan Siegel, explores institutional drivers of the lobbying of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). Particularly, we examine how different levels of corruption in the home country influence the political engagement of multinational enterprises. It has been generally assumed that lobbying and corruption are substitutes for each other. However, study results are counter-intuitive in that firms from countries that rank as suffering from higher levels of corruption are less likely to engage in lobbying after controlling for country characteristics, such as country competitiveness, economic ties between the U.S. and a focal foreign country.
The second chapter with Shon Hiatt, we examine the role of agency embeddedness on administrative decision. While research has argued that agency embeddedness is unidirectional, benefiting government agencies, we propose that it can be bidirectional and that firms can use their interactions with state agencies to their advantage. Drawing upon political sociology and organizational community research, we argue that a firm’s geographic proximity to local government offices enhances the bidirectional nature of agency embeddedness, thereby enhancing greater rapport with agency officials and access to valuable information. Using government contract data from the United States Department of Defense, we find that spatial proximity between a local contracting office and a bidding firm increases the firm’s propensity to receive larger government contracts and that this effect varies depending on the level of decision-making discretion of the contracting officers. This study has theoretical and managerial implications for research on business-government relations, institutional theory, and organizations and communities.
In the last chapter, I examine whether lobbying by foreign defense contractors leads to positive outcomes and the potential mechanism underlying this process, using U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) contract data and lobbying and campaign financing data that I compiled. Assuming that foreign MNEs are socially less inclusive and have weaker political capital than domestic firms do, the question arises as to how and why foreign MNEs engage in lobbying, which requires a great deal of political capital, and whether they can achieve non-market outcomes. In this paper, I show that foreign MNEs can purchase political capital through outside lobbyists, a practice that enables them to achieve better contract outcomes.STRATEG
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
