1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
De impact van flow op Staphylococcus aureus - endotheel interacties in infectieuze endocarditis
No full textInfective endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart, most frequently of the heart valves. Mortality due to infective endocarditis remains high despite adequate and timely treatment. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the leading causes of infective endocarditis and compared to other pathogens infective endocarditis by S. aureus results in a higher mortality. It is more frequently associated with severe and lethal complications. The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains urges for new therapeutic approaches to reduce S. aureus infections and disease severity. Given the aggressive nature of S. aureus infective endocarditis strategies targeting key virulence factors involved in the early phase of the infectious process are an attractive option to achieve this goal.
To establish endovascular infections and infective endocarditis in particular, spreading of S. aureus requires a mechanism that allows its adhesion to the blood vessel wall and that can overcome the shear stress exerted by rapidly flowing blood. A potential role for von Willebrand factor (VWF) in S. aureus adhesion to blood vessels under flow has recently been recognized. Several bacterial factors have been proposed to interact with VWF, including von Willebrand factor-binding protein (vWbp), a secreted coagulase that contributes to S. aureus pathophysiology by activating the host’s prothrombin. However, the mechanism through which S. aureus interacts with VWF under shear forces remained elusive. S. aureus expresses a number of bacterial cell wall-anchored proteins that mediate bacterial adhesion to the host and contribute to the pathogenesis of endovascular infections, e.g. the well studied fibronectin-binding protein A (FnBPA) and clumping factor A (ClfA). Most of these proteins are positioned in the bacterial cell wall by a mechanism that involves cleavage of a conserved Leu-Pro-X-Thr-Gly (LPXTG) motif. A mutation in the srtA gene (sortase A) leads to an anchoring defect in about 20 S. aureus cell wall-anchored proteins. Yet, the underlying molecular pathways that control bacterial adherence, especially in a flow field of high shear stress, including the contribution of individual receptors to bacterial recruitment were still poorly understood at the start of this PhD work.
Therefore, in the present study we focused on the adherence of S. aureus to endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix under flow conditions. We developed and adopted an in vitro perfusion model to study bacterial adhesion to coated surfaces under different shear rates and an in vivo mesenteric perfusion model to study real-time bacterial adhesion to the murine mesenteric circulation.
Our studies revealed a shear-dependent increase of S. aureus adhesion to (sub)endothelium dependent on interactions between vWbp and the A1-domain of VWF. Adhesion was enhanced by coagulase-mediated fibrin formation that clustered bacteria and recruited platelets via the receptor αΙΙbβ3 to form microthrombi. Correspondingly, coagulase inhibition and inhibition of platelet αΙΙbβ3 reduced the adhesion of S. aureus to (sub)endothelium. In vivo, deficiency of vWbp or VWF and inhibition of coagulase activity reduced S. aureus adhesion to the vessel wall.
vWbp is thought to be a secreted protein not anchoring to the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, we further investigated how vWbp mediates bacterial adhesion and we identified ClfA, a SrtA-mediated surface protein, as the bacterial surface binding partner for vWbp. Absence of SrtA or ClfA reduced adhesion of S. aureus to vWbp, VWF A1-domain and activated endothelial cells. The selective overexpression of ClfA in the membrane of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) enabled these bacteria to bind to vWbp and to the VWF A1-domain but only in the presence of exogenously added staphylococcal vWbp. Absence of ClfA in the S. aureus ClfA mutant abolished bacterial adhesion to the activated mesenteric vessel wall of C57Bl6 mice.
Comparing static in vitro and in vivo experiments reveals a different role of bacterial binding via fibronectin or fibrinogen suggesting an impact of shear stress on major bacterial binding properties. We investigated the contributing role of ClfA, FnBPA and FnBPA domains in bacterial adhesion under flow to fibronectin, fibrinogen and endothelial cells with emphasis on interactions with fibrin, always massively present in endocarditis lesions. The adhesion to fibrin was primarily, but not exclusively assured by ClfA, whereas both FnBPA and ClfA contributed to L. lactis adhesion to endothelium in an Fn and Fg dependent manner, respectively.status: Publishe
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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