1,721,005 research outputs found
Video vehicle detection at signalised junctions: a simulation-based study
No full textMany existing advanced methods of traffic signal control depend on information about
approaching traffic provided by inductive loop detectors at particular points in the road. But
analysis of images from CCTV cameras can in principle provide more comprehensive
information about traffic approaching and passing through junctions, and cameras may be
easier to install and maintain than loop detectors, and some systems based on video detection
have already been in use for some time.
Against this background, computer simulation has been used to explore the potential of
existing and immediately foreseeable capability in automatic on-line image analysis to extract
information relevant to signal control from images provided by cameras mounted in
acceptable positions at signal-controlled junctions. Some consequences of extracting relevant
information in different ways were investigated in the context of an existing detailed
simulation model of vehicular traffic moving through junctions under traffic-responsive signal
control, and the development of one basic and one advanced algorithm for traffic-responsive
control. The work was confined as a first step to operation of one very simple signalcontrolled
junction.
Two techniques for extraction of information from images were modelled - a more ambitious
technique based on distinguishing most of the individual vehicles visible to the camera, and a
more modest technique requiring only that the presence of vehicles in any part of the image
be distinguished from the background scene. In the latter case, statistical modelling was used
to estimate the number of vehicles corresponding to any single area of the image that
represents vehicles rather than background.
At the simple modelled junction, each technique of extraction enabled each of the algorithms
for traffic-responsive control of the signals to achieve average delays per vehicle appreciably
lower than those given by System D control, and possibly competitive with those that MOVA
would give, but comparison with MOVA was beyond the scope of the initial study.
These results of simulation indicate that image analysis of CCTV pictures should be able to
provide sufficient information in practice for traffic-responsive control that is competitive
with existing techniques. Ways in which the work could be taken further were discussed with
practitioners, but have not yet been progressed
On the treatment of the repeated observations in panel data: efficiency of Mixed Logit parameter estimates
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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