1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Quantification and Profiling of Hepatic Retinoids in Freshwater Fishes by Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Full text linkRetinoids (vitamin A1) are a class of compounds essential for a number of physiological
processes including vision and immune system function. They are stored as biologically inactive
retinyl esters which are mobilized and converted to the transcriptionally-active retinoic acids
(RAs) according to physiological and nutritional requirements. RAs are key components in gene
expression and are required for proper embryonic development in vertebrates. In addition to
retinoids, dehydroretinoids (vitamin A2) appear to be of high importance in some species of
freshwater fish. In some cases dehydroretinoids are found to be more abundant than retinoids,
which has led to classification of fish species as “retinol-type” or “dehydroretinol-type” based on
the major class of retinoids utilized. The exact functions, metabolism, and distribution of
dehydroretinoids in fish remain to be elucidated and requires further investigation into how the
retinoid and dehydroretinoid systems interact in aquatic species.
Disruptions to the retinoid system have been observed in several species of fish by
exposure to xenobiotics and contaminants from various sources including mine tailings and pulp
mill effluent. These assessments typically only consider retinyl esters and/or free retinol,
however a need has been recognized in the literature for retinoid analysis to establish what
linkages exist between depressed levels of retinol/retinyl esters caused by pollutant exposure and
how this may impact levels of biologically active vitamin A. Retinol and retinyl esters are most
often analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. While these methods provide acceptable
detection limits for quantification, they lack specificity and require authentic standards which
can be expensive or impossible to obtain. Retinoic acids are thought to be present in fish at the
pmol/g level and due to analytical limitations have not been adequately quantified to date.
The objective of this thesis was to develop a comprehensive and robust method to
measure retinoids and dehydroretinoids in fish, thereby facilitating further research into retinoid
biology. A streamlined extraction method was applied to generate separate fractions of non-polar
retinoids (retinol/retinyl esters) and active retinoids (retinoic acids) from as low as 5 mg of
hepatic tissue. A new approach coupling liquid chromatographic separations to mass selective
detection was developed that enabled the quantification of major retinoids by triple quadrupole
mass spectrometry. The analysis was validated with standards and found to provide acceptable
sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and linearity. The limit of quantification was in the range of 0.12
– 1.10 ng/mL for retinoic acids, 1.04 ng/mL for retinol, and 0.82 ng/mL for retinyl palmitate.
This new method was then applied to select archived fish tissues of brown bullhead (Ameiurus
nebulosus) and shorthead redhorse sucker (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) from two North
American Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) to demonstrate the ability of the method to
detect differences in hepatic retinoid status in populations of fish exposed to different
environmental stressors. The method was capable of detecting significant decreases in free
retinol and retinyl esters in shorthead redhorse sucker from a contaminated site. Retinoic acid
status could not be adequately assessed in hepatic tissue due to significant matrix interferences
resulting in failure to meet QA/QC criteria. The application of high resolution quadrupole time-
of-flight instrumentation also allowed tentative identification of retinoids for which standards are
not commercially available, and semi-quantitative profiling of vitamin A1 /vitamin A2 distribution
in hepatic tissue. Profiling of liver samples from shorthead redhorse sucker showed near equal
levels of retinyl and dehydroretinyl esters, while dehydroretinoids appeared to be dominant over
retinoids in brown bullhead.
These investigations advanced the field of retinoid biology by allowing for a greater
range of compounds which can be confidently analyzed without the need for expensive or
unavailable standards, and by providing the ability to semi-qualitatively assess
retinoid/dehydroretinoid abundances in different fish species. Resolving the persistent matrix
issues which complicates the analysis of retinoic acids in hepatic tissue should be the focus of
future work. Once resolved, this method may be used to begin answering some of the open
questions regarding retinoid metabolism and functions in fish
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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