1,721,053 research outputs found
En mode mineur... François Laveau explorateur au Maroni (1887- 1928)
No full textCollomb Gérard, Heuret Arnauld. En mode mineur... François Laveau explorateur au Maroni (1887- 1928). In: Outre-mers, tome 101, n°384-385,2014. Coopérants et coopération en Afrique : circulations d'acteurs et recompostitions culturelles (des années 1950 à nos jours) pp. 301-315
Dynamique des zones de subduction : étude statistique globale et approche analogique.
No full textStatistical comparison of subduction zones helps to understand their variability and the respective influences of the acting forces. To allow such a statistical analysis, we have built SubductionZones, a global database which describes all the current oceanic subduction zones around the world.Most of the observations argue for a strong influence of overriding plate and of its motion direction on subduction dynamics. Subducting plate and slab characteristics seem to control plate motions, but their influence on trench motion, overriding plate deformation and slab geometry are likely to be negligible. Some evidences of mantle flows influences have also been enlightened.As it provides the theoretical and dynamical framework for statistical observations interpretation, physical modelling (experimental and numerical) is complementary with statistical approach. Experimental models have thus allowed us to test how overriding plate motion could influence trench motion, slab geometry and overriding plate deformation.Comparer les zones de subductions les unes aux autres permet d'éclairer les raisons de leur diversité et de remonter aux forces qui gouvernent leur fonctionnement. Pour permettre cette comparaison statistique, une base de données globale originale, SubductionZones, qui décrit l'ensemble des zones de subduction océaniques du globe a été construite à partir de bases de données globales préexistantes. Les observations qui découlent de l'analyse statistique globale des zones de subduction, souvent inédites et infirmant parfois les résultats d'études antérieures, impliquent une réévaluation des modèles de subduction en vigueur. Des trois « acteurs » mis en jeu dans le processus de subduction (i.e., la plaque subduite, la plaque supérieure et le manteau), la plupart des observations mettent en avant l'influence de la plaque supérieure et de la direction de son mouvement sur la dynamique de la subduction. Les caractéristiques de la plaque subduite et de son panneau plongeant, en revanche, si elles semblent contrôler le mouvement des plaques, ont vraisemblablement une influence limitée sur le mouvement des fosses, le régime tectonique de la plaque supérieure et le pendage du slab. L'influence du manteau et des flux qui l'animent a par ailleurs été mise en évidence dans quelques cas, notamment à proximité des bordures de slabs.Les modèles physiques (analytiques, numériques ou analogiques), pour leur part, complètent la vision instantanée du processus de subduction que donne l'approche statistique en offrant un cadre théorique et dynamique à l'interprétation des observations. L'approche analogique nous a ainsi permis de tester les modalités de l'influence du mouvement de la plaque supérieure dans le contrôle du mouvement de la fosse, de la géométrie du panneau plongeant et de la déformation de la plaque supérieure
Dynamique des zones de subduction : étude statistique globale et approche analogique.
No full textStatistical comparison of subduction zones helps to understand their variability and the respective influences of the acting forces. To allow such a statistical analysis, we have built SubductionZones, a global database which describes all the current oceanic subduction zones around the world.Most of the observations argue for a strong influence of overriding plate and of its motion direction on subduction dynamics. Subducting plate and slab characteristics seem to control plate motions, but their influence on trench motion, overriding plate deformation and slab geometry are likely to be negligible. Some evidences of mantle flows influences have also been enlightened.As it provides the theoretical and dynamical framework for statistical observations interpretation, physical modelling (experimental and numerical) is complementary with statistical approach. Experimental models have thus allowed us to test how overriding plate motion could influence trench motion, slab geometry and overriding plate deformation.Comparer les zones de subductions les unes aux autres permet d'éclairer les raisons de leur diversité et de remonter aux forces qui gouvernent leur fonctionnement. Pour permettre cette comparaison statistique, une base de données globale originale, SubductionZones, qui décrit l'ensemble des zones de subduction océaniques du globe a été construite à partir de bases de données globales préexistantes. Les observations qui découlent de l'analyse statistique globale des zones de subduction, souvent inédites et infirmant parfois les résultats d'études antérieures, impliquent une réévaluation des modèles de subduction en vigueur. Des trois « acteurs » mis en jeu dans le processus de subduction (i.e., la plaque subduite, la plaque supérieure et le manteau), la plupart des observations mettent en avant l'influence de la plaque supérieure et de la direction de son mouvement sur la dynamique de la subduction. Les caractéristiques de la plaque subduite et de son panneau plongeant, en revanche, si elles semblent contrôler le mouvement des plaques, ont vraisemblablement une influence limitée sur le mouvement des fosses, le régime tectonique de la plaque supérieure et le pendage du slab. L'influence du manteau et des flux qui l'animent a par ailleurs été mise en évidence dans quelques cas, notamment à proximité des bordures de slabs.Les modèles physiques (analytiques, numériques ou analogiques), pour leur part, complètent la vision instantanée du processus de subduction que donne l'approche statistique en offrant un cadre théorique et dynamique à l'interprétation des observations. L'approche analogique nous a ainsi permis de tester les modalités de l'influence du mouvement de la plaque supérieure dans le contrôle du mouvement de la fosse, de la géométrie du panneau plongeant et de la déformation de la plaque supérieure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bagnards, orpailleurs et fonctionnaires du bassin du Maroni dans la Grande guerre
No full textSaint-Laurent du Maroni est une commune pénitentiaire dont dépend le vaste territoire du Maroni peuplé de libres et de bagnards. La participation de ces hommes à la Première Guerre mondiale dépend de leur statut et de leur désir de défendre la Patrie. Pendant le conflit, le bagne, significativement impacté par la pénurie en nourriture, en matériel et en hommes, ne reprend un fonctionnement normal qu’en 1921 tandis que l’activité économique au Maroni (or, balata) participe à l’effort de guerre.Saint Laurent du Maroni was a penal town. It was the capital of France’s penal administration in the Maroni [along the Maroni river], a vast territory that was populated both by convicts and free citizens. The participation of this complex population in the First World War was integral to their citizenship and considered as evidencing a desire to defend the ‘Motherland’. During the conflict, the penal colony was severely impacted by the lack of food and material provisions and only returned to its regular operation in 1921. At the same time, economic activity based along the Maroni river such as gold mining and balata exploitation contributed to the war effort
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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