1,721,307 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Party Positions from Wikipedia Classifications of Party Ideology
No full textWe develop a new measure of party position based on a scaling of ideology tags supplied in infoboxes on political parties' Wikipedia pages. Assuming a simple model of tag assignment, we estimate the locations of parties and ideologies in a common space. We find that the recovered scale can be interpreted in familiar terms of 'left vs. right'. Estimated party positions correlate well with ratings of parties' positions from extant large-scale expert surveys, most strongly with ratings of general left-right ideology. Party position estimates also show high stability in a test-retest scenario. Our results demonstrate that a Wikipedia-based approach yields valid and reliable left-right scores comparable to scores obtained via conventional expert coding methods. It thus provides a measure with potentially unlimited party coverage. Our measurement strategy is also applicable beyond Wikipedia
Infinite Harmonic chain with heavy mass
No full textModelling a crystal with impurities we study an atomic chain of point masses with linear nearest neighbour interactions. We assume that the masses of the particles are normalised to 1, except for one heavy particle which has mass M . We investigate the macroscopic behaviour of such a system when M is large, and time and space are scaled accordingly. As main result we derive a PDE for the light particles that is coupled with an ODE for the heavy particl
Voting in the Frankfurt Assembly Dataset
No full textThe dataset records the individual voting behaviour of members of the Frankfurt Assembly 1848/49 (also known as Frankfurt Parliament, Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, or Paulskirchenparlament) in every parliamentary vote that was carried out by name. The dataset covers 300 votes and 808 members for a total of 147,792 individual voting decisions. The dataset further records members’ affiliations with parliamentary clubs (also known as factions or parties) and their committee memberships
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Self-organized criticality in structured neural networks
Full text linkCritical dynamics in neural networks is an experimentally and conceptually established phenomenon which has been shown to be important for information processing in the brain. Critical neural networks have been shown to have optimal computational capabilities, information transmission and capacity [1, 2]. At the same time the theoretical understanding of neural avalanches has been developed starting from sandpile-like system and homogeneous networks towards structured networks. The network connectivity has been chosen, however, as to support or even to enable criticality. There are, nevertheless, many influences that shape the connectivity structure and weighting. Most prominently, this includes Hebbian learning and homeostatic effects, but also pathological changes. We study how the structural changes affect the presence of criticality in the networks. While homeostatic plasticity may well have a regulatory effect that supports criticality, this cannot been said about Hebbian learning which essentially imprints structure from internally or externally caused activation patterns in the synaptic weighting of the network increasing thus the probability of previous patterns to reoccur. Unless the patterns are carefully chosen to produce critical behavior, these effects have a tendency to counteract critical behavior, e.g. by introducing a particular scale that corrupts the power-law distributions characteristic for critical behavior. Little is known, in particular, about the influence of criticality on associative memory neural networks. We found that the critical regime is can be stabilized by short-term synaptic dynamics in the form of synaptic depression and facilitation that was already shown to play an important role in the self-organization of critical neural dynamics [3] or, alternatively, by homeostatic adaptation of the synaptic weights. We show that a heterogeneous distribution of maximal synaptic strengths does not preclude criticality if the Hebbian learning is alternated with periods of critical dynamics recovery
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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