1,720,966 research outputs found
L’architecture castrale en Allemagne du XIIIe au début du XVIe siècle
No full textCastle architecture in Germany from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century, by Thomas Biller, Christofer Herrmann
Any attempt at a synthetic analysis of German castle architecture in the Gothic period presupposes the understanding that Germany in the late Middle Ages is not a political entity in the modern sense, but rather a “ patchwork” united essentially by a common language. This state of cultural affairs almost necessarily created a strong tendency to preserve local practices, even when new trends, like the Gothic style, were introduced from the outside and reworked regionally. German castle architecture can therefore only be treated region by region. Furthermore, because of the uneven state of research, the authors have chosen to concentrate on select regions that seem exemplary for their architectural forms and developments. Alsace, which is part of France today, but which was German speaking in the Middle Ages and an integral part of the Empire, is particularly interesting, having already embraced Gothic forms by the mid thirteenth century. In the Rhineland, Gothic art flourished in the fourteenth century. Most of the castles in Prussia and Livonia also date from this century, but they form a case apart, because of the mastery achieved by the Teutonic Order, whose structures are of remarkable quality. Finally, recent research has shown that the castles of Saxony are early castles for pleasure (Schlösser). They represent the end of the phenomenon in the fifteenth century, and mark the transition to the new programmes of the modern era.Burgenbau in Deutschland vom 13. bis zum frühen 16. Jahrhundert, von Thomas Biller und Christofer Herrmann
Wer den deutschen Burgenbau der Gotik darstellen will, muss davon ausgehen, dass das „ Deutschland“ des späten Mittelalters noch keine politische Einheit im Sinne des 19./ 20. Jhs. bildete, sondern einen – wie gern formuliert wird – „ Flickenteppich“ verschiedenster Territorien, der vor allem durch die gemeinsame Sprache vereint war. Ein großes und auch kulturell reiches Gebilde dieser Art hatte a priori eine starke Tendenz zur Erhaltung kleinräumlicher Besonderheiten, und zwar auch dann, wenn neue Entwicklungen – wie etwa die Gotik – von außen aufgenommen und verarbeitet wurden. Will man die Architektur des deutschen Burgenbaues in der Gotik behandeln, so kann das Thema folglich nur Region für Region dargestellt werden. Das ist wegen eines recht unterschiedlichen Forschungsstandes noch nicht überall möglich, und daher wurden hier nur einige Regionen ausgewählt, deren Burgenbau uns für die Vielfalt der Erscheinungsformen und Entwicklungen beispielhaft erscheint. Das Elsaß – heute französisch, aber im Spätmittelalter noch deutschsprachig und Teil des „ Reiches“ – steht dabei für die frühe Rezeption gotischer Formen ab dem mittleren 13. Jh., das Rheinland vor allem für deren Blüte im 14. Jh. Auch die Burgen in Preußen und Livland stammen überwiegend aus dem 14. Jh., stellen jedoch – insbesondere als Bauten des Deutschen Ordens – ein Sonderphänomen von herausragender Qualität dar. Die Bauten in Sachsen schließlich, die man in der neueren Forschung bereits als frühe „ Schlösser“ versteht, vertreten das Ende des Phänomens ab dem 15. Jh. und den Übergang zu einer neuen Zeit mit neuen Ansprüchen.Biller Thomas, Herrmann Christofer. L’architecture castrale en Allemagne du XIIIe au début du XVIe siècle. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 167, n°3, année 2009. L'Allemagne gothique. I. Châteaux et maisons. pp. 195-219
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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