1,720,961 research outputs found
Sensory Penalities: Exploring the Senses in Spaces of Punishment and Social Control
Full text linkSensory Penalities reflects an explosion in explorations of the sensory and disrupts conventional expectations of both form and focus by expanding anthropological practices and craft into the field of criminology and criminological research.
In providing accounts of physical/sensorial experiences within sites of surveillance and control, the authors in this edited collection bring elements of research experiences (often absent from existing work) to the fore; the impressions and sensual experiences which remain forever in field notes. In so doing they carve out spaces to consider these places and the ways in which they are theorised anew.
The book aims to explore what sensory aspects of experience mean to those engaged in such research, and how they can shape our criminological thinking. What are the sensory textures of these experiences? What do they tell us? How do we communicate them? Finally, what does consideration of these elements tell us about penality?
This timely volume challenges and remakes assumptions about what criminology is and should be; more accurately reflecting the post-disciplinary nature of the field
''They are not like you and I'': Sensory methods
No full textThe pieces in this section are focused on methods and the consequences of adopting particular methodologies for how we understand our objects of analysis. Central to the criminological project is amplifying and scrutinising the process by which we categorise and classify in criminal justice practice. All too often, we can lapse into these same habits, presenting these categories as taken-for-granted, set in the social consciousness, rather than fluid and contingent. Mahuya Bandyopadhyay, Aishwarya Chandran, and Sanjukta Manna explore this issue most explicitly in their consideration of a state-run home for boys in urban India, which functioned as a correctional facility and “felt like jail” despite its benign presentation on paper. The sensory, they argue, holds the capacity to challenge and re-evaluate carceral categories. Briony Anderson, Will Arpke-Wales, Flynn Pervan, Jackson Wood, and Mark A. Wood consider the implications of conjoining categories of analysis to sensorially account for the shifting focus of harm in our rapidly evolving techno-social world. Sarah Kingston joined us via separate recording to ponder how audio methods can disrupt conventional approaches to the research process. This allowed her to engage in a more democratically informed practice with her respondents and uncover different things about their reflections on sex workers. Together, these provocations make the case that various aspects of sensory experience offer a suite of important analytical tools to more effectively excavate and unsettle assumptions about how we know. These better equip us to explore how we define power, danger, harm, and what it is to pursue research with a sensorially attuned ethical ear, concluding with a consideration of future directions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sensing and Unease in Immigration Detention: An Abolitionists Perspective
No full textSeeking asylum in Denmark and Sweden usually begins with life in 'open' asylum centres and, for some, can end in closed detention. Many of the former are arguably spaces of existential confinement: one is technically free, but spatially or financially unable to exercise freedom. This chapter focuses predominantly on the latter: pre-deportation detention centres, before recalling similar forms of control – and their impact – in asylum centres. How detention centres are constructed and how controls are enacted vary considerably across the two countries. Indeed Sweden in particular is often lauded for its 'soft' architectural environment in such spaces. Whilst the Danish centre I visited reflected many mechanisms of a prison, the Swedish centres took relatively 'soft' architectural and regime related approaches to confinement. Gym equipment, baked treats, 'crimyoga' classes - all efforts to humanise the spaces, most of which are unused during daytimes. In this chapter I reflect on the ways in which these ‘soft’ centres influenced my sense that the only direction for immigration detention to move is toward abolition. Entering centres as a white researcher, awkwardly shuffling past confined Black and Brown bodies, repeatedly induced feelings of shame. In any other space, these people might be my friends or colleagues. Here, I was a voyeur, a cog in machinery that takes people’s freedom based almost exclusively on racialised notions of national identity. The Swedish centres were warmer, brighter, and physically less daunting. People could smoke… Tropical fish adorned the main room of one centre, whilst the smell of baked goods emanated from the kitchen of another. On reflection, I tried to place why or how it was these more ‘humane’ places, rather than the harsher environment of the Danish centre, that solidified my rejection of reform and continued advocating of abolitionism. It is this: despite friendly lunches with staff, informative tours and insightful interviews; regardless of exercise classes and wide-screen television, the illusion of humanity in detention cannot overshadow its fundamental function: the confinement and removal of the unwanted ‘Other’
The Embedded Researcher:Experiencing Life in a Probation Approved Premises
Full text linkPrimary themes in reflexive accounts of fieldwork have arisen around accessing fieldwork sites, negotiating gatekeepers, the balance between insider and outsider positionality, and the covert and overt nature of the researcher status and research focus. Despite this, such reflexive accounts prioritise the emotional and practical challenges for the researcher and the research, and what is more neglected is deepening this to consider how the knowledge, understanding and interpretation of the research topic is shaped and informed by the personal embodied sensory experiences of the researcher in the field. In this chapter I explore how I subjectively experienced doing ethnographic research in a Probation Approved Premises with residents who had been convicted of a sexual offence, considering how I became sensorially embedded within the physicality and inter-personal relationships of the research site. As a result, I had emotional reactions to the sense of place that meant I was able to not only understand my participants’ accounts or behaviours in the abstract (as an onlooker), but also empathically: as one who feels some of the same impacts of place and space as they do. This sharing and analysing of the holistic sensory experience of place was able to bridge some of the social and psychological distances between us, allowing me to gain a deeper understanding of life for residents and staff as a consequence of analysing the physical and emotional feel of the place. <br/
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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