266 research outputs found
Wiessner (Hermann). Twing und Bann. Eine Studie über Herkunft, Wesen und Wandlung der Zwing- und Bannrechte. Verlag Rudolf M. Rohrer
No full textVerlinden Charles. Wiessner (Hermann). Twing und Bann. Eine Studie über Herkunft, Wesen und Wandlung der Zwing- und Bannrechte. Verlag Rudolf M. Rohrer. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 15, fasc. 3-4, 1936. pp. 1091-1092
Ethnomathematik : neue Ansätze zu ihrer Theorie und Praxis
No full textVerdugo Rohrer UA. Ethnomathematics : new approaches to its theory and application. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2010.This work introduces new approaches to the theory and application of ethnomathematics. Ethnomathematics is a field of research focused on the study of different mathematics, which are specific for each (sub-)culture.
First, the author gives a detailed description of a new historiography of ethnomathematics, showing that this field of research has been studied and practiced since the 1920s, when Ewald Fettweis pursued his first research on this subject. Two other important forerunners of ethnomathematics are, according to the author, Otto Raum and Raymond Wilder.
The author proposes a new approach for the theory of ethnomathematics, namely a supplementary interdisciplinary theory that corresponds to the intersection of mathematics, its history and education, and cultural anthropology, ethnology, ethnography and ethnoscience.
Two innovating field researches, undertaken separately in Mozambique and Brazil, are presented by the author. These contribute to the consolidation of the supplementary interdisciplinarity of this field of ethnomathematics
Propozycja zmiany klasyfikacji F. Curtiusa w świetle badań własnych
No full textAfter the investigation of 1000 males and 800 fermales the author have proposed new classification of Rohrer\u27s Index, which may be seen in table 2.En s\u27appuyant sur les recherches de 1000 hommes et 800 femmes, l’auteur propose sa propre classification dc l\u27indice de Rohrer, présentée dans le tableau 2
Does Preoperative Decolonization Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Elective Orthopaedic Surgery? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
No full textBACKGROUND
Surgical site infections (SSIs) after elective orthopaedic surgery are very stressful for patients due to frequent rehospitalizations with reoperations and poorer functional outcomes. Prevention of such events is therefore crucial. Although an evidence-based consensus is still lacking, preoperative decolonization could decrease SSI. Specifically, more information is needed about the effect of a preoperative decolonization procedure on SSI proportions in both Staphylococcus aureus carriers and non-S. aureus carriers after general orthopaedic surgery.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
Our study addressed the following questions: (1) Does preoperative decolonization reduce the risk of SSI after general elective orthopaedic surgery in patients colonized with S. aureus? (2) Does preoperative decolonization reduce the risk of SSI among patients who are not colonized with S. aureus?
METHODS
In this prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial, we recruited patients undergoing general elective orthopaedic surgery in one tertiary care center in Switzerland. Between November 2014 and September 2017, 1318 of 1897 screened patients were enrolled. Patients were allocated into either the S. aureus carrier group (35%, 465 of 1318 patients) or the non-carrier group (65%, 853 of 1318 patients) according to screening culture results. In the S. aureus group, 232 patients were allocated to the intervention arm and 233 were allocated to the control arm. Intervention was 5 days of daily chlorhexidine showers and mupirocin nasal ointment twice a day. Of the 853 non-carriers, 426 were allocated to the intervention arm and 427 were allocated to the control arm. All patients in both groups were analyzed in an intention-to-treat manner. The primary endpoint was SSI occurrence at 90 days postoperative and the secondary endpoint was SSI occurrence at 30 days postoperative.The initial sample size calculation was made for the S. aureus carrier group. Based on the literature review, a 4% proportion of SSI was expected in the control group. Thus, 726 carriers would have been needed to detect a relative risk reduction of 80% with a power of 80% at a two-sided α-error of 0.048 (adjusted for interim analysis). Assuming carrier prevalence of 27%, 2690 patients would have been needed in total. An interim analysis was performed after including half of the targeted S. aureus carriers (363 of 726). Based on the low infection rate in the control group (one of 179), a new sample size of 15,000 patients would have been needed. This was deemed not feasible and the trial was stopped prematurely.
RESULTS
Among carriers, there was no difference in the risk of SSI between the intervention and control arms (decolonized SSI risk: 0.4% [one of 232], control SSI risk: 0.4% [one of 233], risk difference: 0.0% [95% CI -1.2% to 1.2%], stratified for randomization stratification factors; p > 0.999). For non-carriers, there was no difference in risk between the intervention and control arms (decolonized SSI risk: 0.2% [one of 426], control SSI risk: 0.2% [one of 247], stratified risk difference: -0.0% [95% CI -0.7 to 0.6]; p = 0.973).
CONCLUSIONS
We found no difference in the risk of SSI between the decolonization and control groups, both in S. aureus carriers and non-carriers. Because of the low event numbers, no definite conclusion about efficacy of routine preoperative decolonization can be drawn. The results, however, may be helpful in future meta-analyses.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II, therapeutic study
Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis use in elective orthopaedic surgery - a cross-sectional analysis.
No full textPURPOSE
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) prevents surgical site infections (SSI). In orthopaedic surgery, the use of prolonged SAP (PSAP) has been reported in daily routine, despite guidelines advising against it. Therefore, we asked: What is the proportion of PSAP use, defined as administration of SAP ≥24 h after elective orthopaedic surgery? Are there patient- and surgery-related predictors of PSAP use?
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis investigated 1292 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgery including total joint arthroplasties at one Swiss centre between 2015 and 2017. Patient comorbidities, surgical characteristics and occurrence of SSI at 90 days in PSAP group were compared to the SAP group (< 24 h post-operative).
RESULTS
PSAP use was 12% (155 of 1292). Patient-related factors associated with PSAP compared to the SAP group included older age (63 vs. 58y; p < 0.001), higher BMI (29 vs. 27 kg/m2; p < 0.001), ASA classification ≥3 (31% vs. 17%; p < 0.001) and lung disease (17% vs. 9%; p = 0.002). Surgery-related factors associated with PSAP were use of prosthetics (62% vs. 45%; p < 0.001), surgery of the knee (65% vs. 25%; p < 0.001), longer surgery duration (87 vs. 68 min; p < 0.001) and presence of drains (90% vs. 65%; p < 0.001). All four SSI occurred in the SAP group (0 vs. 4; p = 1.0). Surgeons administered PSAP with varying frequencies; proportions ranged from 0 to 33%.
CONCLUSION
PSAP use and SSI proportions were lower than reported in the literature. Several patient- and surgery-related factors associated with PSAP use were identified and some were potentially modifiable. Also, experienced surgeons seemed to implement differing approaches regarding the duration of SAP administration
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