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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The influence of proper intake of fatty acids on pregnancy outcome
No full textMetaboličke prilagodbe organizma trudnice osiguravaju fetusu adekvatnu opskrbu hranjivim tvarima. Opskrba fetusa hranjivim tvarima ovisi o funkciji posteljice, a transport lipida složen je proces u kojem sudjeluju brojni receptori i prijenosni proteini. Tijekom kataboličke faze trudnoće dolazi do fiziološke hiperlipidemije čime lipoproteini, a time trigliceridi i kolesterol te slobodne masne kiseline postaju dostupne za prijenos posteljicom. Dislipidemija majke tijekom trudnoće povezana je s komplikacijama trudnoće kao što su gestacijski dijabetes melitus, fetalna makrosomija, smanjena porođajna težina i preeklampsija.
Masne kiseline, osobito višestruko nezasićene masne kiseline imaju značajnu ulogu u rastu i razvoju fetusa. One sudjeluju u energetskom metabolizmu, staničnoj signalizaciji, regulaciji ekspresije gena, prekursori su u sintezi eikozanoida te su strukturna komponenta staničnih membrana. Esencijalne masne kiseline su linolna (n-6) i α-linolenska kiselina (n-3). Njihovi su derivati arahidonska kiselina, eikozapentaenska kiselina i dokozaheksaenska kiselina. Navedene masne kiseline imaju utjecaj na trajanje trudnoće i porođajnu težinu novorođenčeta, na neurološki razvoj i razvoj retine, imunološkog sustava te metabolizma fetusa što mu predodređuje zdravstvene ishode tijekom života.
Prehrana majke jedan je od najvažnijih promjenjivih čimbenika koji utječu na zdravstveni ishod majke i djeteta. Suvremena zapadnjačka prehrana bogata zasićenim i trans-masnim kiselinama te s visokim omjerom n-6 i n-3 masnih kiselina ističe se kao rizični čimbenik u razvoju pretilosti majke, djeteta i nepovoljnim ishodima trudnoće. Mediteranska prehrana, s druge strane, osigurava optimalan unos pojedinih makronutrijenata i mikronutrijenata, s naglaskom na višestruko nezasićene masne kiseline. Ima nizak omjer n-6 i n-3 masnih kiselina te se pokazala kao idealni model prehrane s dokazanim povoljnim učincima na zdravlje.Metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure the fetus receives an adequate supply of nutrients. The fetus relies entirely on the placental function for its nutrient supply, with lipid transport being a complex process involving numerous receptors and transport proteins. During the catabolic phase of pregnancy, physiological hyperlipidemia ensures enough lipoproteins, including triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, are available for placental transfer. Maternal dyslipidemia during pregnancy is associated with complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
Fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, are crucial for the growth and development of the fetus. They play vital roles in energy metabolism, cellular signaling, gene regulation, act as precursors for eicosanoid synthesis and are integral to the cell membrane structure. Essential fatty acids like linoleic acid (n-6) and α-linolenic acid (n-3), along with their derivatives such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), significantly impact pregnancy duration, birth weight, neurological and retinal development, as well as the development of the immune system and fetal metabolism. Consequently, these factors determine long-term health outcomes.
Maternal nutrition is one of the crucial modifiable factors influencing the health outcomes for both mother and child. The modern Western diet, rich in saturated and trans fatty acids, also characterized by a high n-6 to n-3 ratio, poses risks for maternal and child obesity as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The Mediterranean diet, on the other hand, provides an optimal and balanced intake of macronutrients and micronutrients with an emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, it maintains a low n-6 to n-3 ratio and is recognized as an ideal dietary model with proven health benefits
Cholestasis of pregnancy
No full textIntrahepatična kolestaza u trudnoći (IKT) je najčešća jetrena bolest specifična za trudnoću. Incidencija intrahepatične kolestaze u trudnoći pokazuje značajne geografske varijacije, krećući se u širokom rasponu između 0.1 i 27.6%. Najčešće se javlja u kasnom drugom i u trećem tromjesečju trudnoće, iako su zabilježeni slučajevi IKT-a i u prvom tromjesečju trudnoće. Patofiziološka podloga bolesti jest reverzibilni zastoj u izlučivanju žučnih kiselina koje se posljedično nakupljaju u krvi trudnica. Bolest se spontano povlači nakon porođaja, ali nosi povećani rizik od povratka u idućoj trudnoći. Etiologija bolesti je multifaktorijalna te se u njezinu razvoju isprepliću genetski, hormonski i okolišni čimbenici. Razvoj IKT-a povezuje s mutacijama gena za proteine prijenosnike žuči na membranama hepatocita, kolestatskim učinkom estrogena i progesterona i njihovih metabolita, niskom razinom vitamina D i selena u zimskim mjesecima te prethodnim jetrenim bolestima. Kolestaza u trudnoći se klinički očituje svrbežom dlanova i tabana te povišenim vrijednostima žučnih kiselina u serumu trudnica. Bolest je većinom bezopasna za majku, ali nosi povećani rizik od razvoja fetalnih komplikacija: prijevremenog porođaja, pojave mekonija u plodovoj vodi, sindroma respiratornog distresa novorođenčeta, zastoja u rastu fetusa i iznenadne fetalne smrti te postpartalnog krvarenja. Pri tome rizik od razvoja fetalnih komplikacija raste usporedno s porastom vrijednosti žučnih kiselina na 40 μmol/l i više. Cilj liječenja IKT-a je ublažiti simptome i smanjiti rizik od razvoja fetalnih komplikacija. Terapija izbora je ursodeoksikolna kiselina. Planirani termin dovršetka trudnoće ovisi o kliničkoj slici, koncentraciji žučnih kiselina u serumu te procijenjenom fetalnom riziku i gestacijskoj dobi.Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease specific to pregnancy. The incidence of ICP shows significant geographical variations, with incidence rates between 0.1% and 27.6%. It often occurs in the late second and third trimester of pregnancy, although some cases of ICP have been reported in the first trimester. Pathophysiologically, this is a reversible delay in the excretion of bile acids, which have been consequently accumulated in the pregnant woman's blood. The disease resolves spontaneously after delivery but leaves an increased risk of recurrence in the subsequent pregnancy. The aetiology of the ICP is multifactorial and involves a combination of genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. The development of ICP is associated with mutations in the genes encoding biliary transport proteins on the hepatocyte membrane, the cholestatic effect of estrogen and progesterone and their metabolites, low levels of vitamin D and selenium in the winter months and with previous liver disease. Cholestasis of pregnancy is characterised by pruritus on the palms and soles and increased serum total bile acid concentration. The condition is mostly harmless to the mother. Still, it carries an increased risk of developing fetal complications: preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth and postpartum haemorrhage. The risk of developing fetal complications increases in parallel with the increase in bile acid values to more than 40 μmol / l. ICP treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of developing fetal complications. The therapy of choice is ursodeoxycholic acid. The delivery timing depends on the clinical presentation, the serum bile acid concentrations, the estimated risk and gestational age
The influence of proper intake of fatty acids on pregnancy outcome
No full textMetaboličke prilagodbe organizma trudnice osiguravaju fetusu adekvatnu opskrbu hranjivim tvarima. Opskrba fetusa hranjivim tvarima ovisi o funkciji posteljice, a transport lipida složen je proces u kojem sudjeluju brojni receptori i prijenosni proteini. Tijekom kataboličke faze trudnoće dolazi do fiziološke hiperlipidemije čime lipoproteini, a time trigliceridi i kolesterol te slobodne masne kiseline postaju dostupne za prijenos posteljicom. Dislipidemija majke tijekom trudnoće povezana je s komplikacijama trudnoće kao što su gestacijski dijabetes melitus, fetalna makrosomija, smanjena porođajna težina i preeklampsija.
Masne kiseline, osobito višestruko nezasićene masne kiseline imaju značajnu ulogu u rastu i razvoju fetusa. One sudjeluju u energetskom metabolizmu, staničnoj signalizaciji, regulaciji ekspresije gena, prekursori su u sintezi eikozanoida te su strukturna komponenta staničnih membrana. Esencijalne masne kiseline su linolna (n-6) i α-linolenska kiselina (n-3). Njihovi su derivati arahidonska kiselina, eikozapentaenska kiselina i dokozaheksaenska kiselina. Navedene masne kiseline imaju utjecaj na trajanje trudnoće i porođajnu težinu novorođenčeta, na neurološki razvoj i razvoj retine, imunološkog sustava te metabolizma fetusa što mu predodređuje zdravstvene ishode tijekom života.
Prehrana majke jedan je od najvažnijih promjenjivih čimbenika koji utječu na zdravstveni ishod majke i djeteta. Suvremena zapadnjačka prehrana bogata zasićenim i trans-masnim kiselinama te s visokim omjerom n-6 i n-3 masnih kiselina ističe se kao rizični čimbenik u razvoju pretilosti majke, djeteta i nepovoljnim ishodima trudnoće. Mediteranska prehrana, s druge strane, osigurava optimalan unos pojedinih makronutrijenata i mikronutrijenata, s naglaskom na višestruko nezasićene masne kiseline. Ima nizak omjer n-6 i n-3 masnih kiselina te se pokazala kao idealni model prehrane s dokazanim povoljnim učincima na zdravlje.Metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure the fetus receives an adequate supply of nutrients. The fetus relies entirely on the placental function for its nutrient supply, with lipid transport being a complex process involving numerous receptors and transport proteins. During the catabolic phase of pregnancy, physiological hyperlipidemia ensures enough lipoproteins, including triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, are available for placental transfer. Maternal dyslipidemia during pregnancy is associated with complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
Fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, are crucial for the growth and development of the fetus. They play vital roles in energy metabolism, cellular signaling, gene regulation, act as precursors for eicosanoid synthesis and are integral to the cell membrane structure. Essential fatty acids like linoleic acid (n-6) and α-linolenic acid (n-3), along with their derivatives such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), significantly impact pregnancy duration, birth weight, neurological and retinal development, as well as the development of the immune system and fetal metabolism. Consequently, these factors determine long-term health outcomes.
Maternal nutrition is one of the crucial modifiable factors influencing the health outcomes for both mother and child. The modern Western diet, rich in saturated and trans fatty acids, also characterized by a high n-6 to n-3 ratio, poses risks for maternal and child obesity as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The Mediterranean diet, on the other hand, provides an optimal and balanced intake of macronutrients and micronutrients with an emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, it maintains a low n-6 to n-3 ratio and is recognized as an ideal dietary model with proven health benefits
The influence of proper intake of fatty acids on pregnancy outcome
No full textMetaboličke prilagodbe organizma trudnice osiguravaju fetusu adekvatnu opskrbu hranjivim tvarima. Opskrba fetusa hranjivim tvarima ovisi o funkciji posteljice, a transport lipida složen je proces u kojem sudjeluju brojni receptori i prijenosni proteini. Tijekom kataboličke faze trudnoće dolazi do fiziološke hiperlipidemije čime lipoproteini, a time trigliceridi i kolesterol te slobodne masne kiseline postaju dostupne za prijenos posteljicom. Dislipidemija majke tijekom trudnoće povezana je s komplikacijama trudnoće kao što su gestacijski dijabetes melitus, fetalna makrosomija, smanjena porođajna težina i preeklampsija.
Masne kiseline, osobito višestruko nezasićene masne kiseline imaju značajnu ulogu u rastu i razvoju fetusa. One sudjeluju u energetskom metabolizmu, staničnoj signalizaciji, regulaciji ekspresije gena, prekursori su u sintezi eikozanoida te su strukturna komponenta staničnih membrana. Esencijalne masne kiseline su linolna (n-6) i α-linolenska kiselina (n-3). Njihovi su derivati arahidonska kiselina, eikozapentaenska kiselina i dokozaheksaenska kiselina. Navedene masne kiseline imaju utjecaj na trajanje trudnoće i porođajnu težinu novorođenčeta, na neurološki razvoj i razvoj retine, imunološkog sustava te metabolizma fetusa što mu predodređuje zdravstvene ishode tijekom života.
Prehrana majke jedan je od najvažnijih promjenjivih čimbenika koji utječu na zdravstveni ishod majke i djeteta. Suvremena zapadnjačka prehrana bogata zasićenim i trans-masnim kiselinama te s visokim omjerom n-6 i n-3 masnih kiselina ističe se kao rizični čimbenik u razvoju pretilosti majke, djeteta i nepovoljnim ishodima trudnoće. Mediteranska prehrana, s druge strane, osigurava optimalan unos pojedinih makronutrijenata i mikronutrijenata, s naglaskom na višestruko nezasićene masne kiseline. Ima nizak omjer n-6 i n-3 masnih kiselina te se pokazala kao idealni model prehrane s dokazanim povoljnim učincima na zdravlje.Metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure the fetus receives an adequate supply of nutrients. The fetus relies entirely on the placental function for its nutrient supply, with lipid transport being a complex process involving numerous receptors and transport proteins. During the catabolic phase of pregnancy, physiological hyperlipidemia ensures enough lipoproteins, including triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, are available for placental transfer. Maternal dyslipidemia during pregnancy is associated with complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
Fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, are crucial for the growth and development of the fetus. They play vital roles in energy metabolism, cellular signaling, gene regulation, act as precursors for eicosanoid synthesis and are integral to the cell membrane structure. Essential fatty acids like linoleic acid (n-6) and α-linolenic acid (n-3), along with their derivatives such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), significantly impact pregnancy duration, birth weight, neurological and retinal development, as well as the development of the immune system and fetal metabolism. Consequently, these factors determine long-term health outcomes.
Maternal nutrition is one of the crucial modifiable factors influencing the health outcomes for both mother and child. The modern Western diet, rich in saturated and trans fatty acids, also characterized by a high n-6 to n-3 ratio, poses risks for maternal and child obesity as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The Mediterranean diet, on the other hand, provides an optimal and balanced intake of macronutrients and micronutrients with an emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, it maintains a low n-6 to n-3 ratio and is recognized as an ideal dietary model with proven health benefits
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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