1,720,965 research outputs found
The Effects of Freezing and Thawing Rates on Tenderness and Sensory Quality of Beef Subprimals
Full text linkTo evaluate processing methods for frozen beef subprimals, the effects of freezing and thawing rates on tenderness and sensory properties were evaluated. There were six treatments: fresh-never-frozen 14-day wet aged, fresh-never-frozen 21-day wet aged, blast frozen–fast thawed, blast frozen–slow thawed, conventionally frozen–fast thawed, and conventionally frozen–slow thawed (all frozen subprimals were aged for 14d prior to freezing). Three subprimal cuts - ribeye rolls (n = 90), strip loins (n = 90), and sirloins (n = 90) - were utilized with three replications of five samples per treatment per week (total of 9 weeks, N = 270). Blast freezing occurred by placing spacers between the boxes of meat on pallets at -28° C with high air velocity for 3 – 5 d until all the meat was frozen, and then the pallets were moved to a -28°C freezer for storage. Conventional freezing occurred with boxes of meat stacked on pallets and placed in a -28° C freezer with minimal air movement, the pallets were left in the freezer until shipping. Fast thawing of subprimals (to an internal temperature of -2° to 0° C) occurred by immersion in a circulating water bath (\u3c 12° C) for 21 hrs, and slow thawing of subprimals occurred over a two week period by placing individual subprimals on tables at 0° C. Purge loss was measured after thawing. Steaks (2.5 cm thick) were cut from the longissimus thoracis (LT), longissimus lumborum (LL), and gluteus medius (GM) for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) and trained sensory evaluation. Sensory samples were rated for tenderness, juiciness, connective tissue, and off-flavor after cooking to 71° C. Slow thawed subprimals had the greatest amount of purge loss (P \u3c 0.001) in the LT, LL and GM. Fast thawed subprimals were equal or had less purge loss to fresh-never-frozen 14- and 21-d aged subprimals (P \u3c 0.0001) in the LT, LL and GM. For LL and GM steaks, frozen treatments were equal or lower in WBS values to fresh-never-frozen 14- and 21-d aged steaks. For LL and LT steaks, slow thawed steaks we equal or lower in WBS when compared to fast thawed steaks (P = 0.01). No differences were detected in WBS among the GM steaks (P = 0.08). There were no differences in sensory tenderness within the LL, LT, and GM (P \u3e 0.05). Juiciness in the LL and GM (P \u3e 0.05) did not differ among treatments. The LT fresh-never-frozen 14- and 21-d aged product was juicier than the frozen product (P = 0.001). Differences were not detected in connective tissue in the LT or GM (P \u3e 0.05). A greater amount of connective tissue was detected in the slow thawed LL compared to the fast thawed LL (P = 0.02). There were no differences in off-flavor in the LT and LL (P \u3e 0.05). Conventionally frozen-fast thawed steaks had the strongest prevalence of off-flavor (P = 0.02) in the GM. Overall, freezing rate did not affect purge loss, and neither freezing nor thawing rates had significant meaningful effects on Warner-Bratzler shear force and sensory and were comparable to fresh-never-frozen subprimals.
Advisor: Chris R. Calkin
Growth promotant supplementation alters live performance and carcass characteristics while impacting cellular metabolism, gene expression, and protein synthesis
No full textGrowth promotants have been shown to positively impact production parameters such as live performance and efficiency, carcass characteristics, and ultimately profitability. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which these growth promotants affect production. To asses’ performance, feeding efficiency parameters were monitored followed by carcass characteristic evaluation at harvest. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were preformed on all tissue samples. There was no difference in growth performance or carcass characteristics of steers supplemented with a zinc-methionine complex (ZnMet) or heifers administered recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST; P > 0.05). Bovine satellite cells, steers and heifers administered the beta-adrenergic agonist, zilpaterol HCl (ZH) increased the abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIX mRNA (P 0.05). The density of Myf5 satellite cells was decreased (P < 0.05) in ZH heifers. Steers supplemented with ZnMet had a greater density of Pax7 satellite cells (P < 0.05). Overall, these data revealed that different growth promotants impact cellular muscle metabolism via multiple cellular mechanisms, and these cellular differences may ultimately impact performance and profitability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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