1,720,976 research outputs found
AN AXIOMATIC DESIGN APPROACH OF NANOFLUID-ENGINEERED NUCLEAR SAFETY FEATURES FOR GENERATION III plus REACTORS
No full textA variety of Generation III/III+ reactor designs featuring enhanced safety and improved economics are being proposed by nuclear power industries around the world to solve the future energy supply shortfall. Nanofluid coolants showing an improved thermal performance are being considered as a new key technology to secure nuclear safety and economics. However, it should be noted that there is a lack of comprehensible design works to apply nanofluids to Generation III+ reactor designs. In this work, the review of accident scenarios that consider expected nanofluid mechanisms is carried out to seek detailed application spots. The Axiomatic Design (AD) theory is then applied to systemize the design of nanofluid-engineered nuclear safety systems such as Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) and External Reactor Vessel Cooling System (ERVCS). The various couplings between Gen-III/III+ nuclear safety features and nanofluids are investigated and they try to be reduced from the perspective of the AD in terms of prevention/mitigation of severe accidents. This study contributes to the establishment of a standard communication protocol in the design of nanofluid-engineered nuclear safety systems.This work has been supported by the research start-up fund of the UNIST faculty (grant number 1.090011)and Nuclear Research & Development Program throughthe National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) fundedby the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(grant number 20090078277)
The Research of The Characters on Tiles in Han Dynesty
No full text以下依本文研究內容之先後，陳述研究結果，主要有下列數端：
一、「瓦當」之名稱以及其種類
從瓦當藝術最盛行的西漢文字瓦當看，當時瓦當有泛稱為「瓦」、 「當」、「瓦當」，還有「當瓦」等名稱。瓦當的種類有三種：圖像瓦當、圖案瓦當和文字瓦當。西周的素面半瓦時代結束後，進入春秋戰國之時為圖像瓦當的盛行時代。不久圖案紋盛行，圖像瓦當消失。漢代圖案紋以雲紋為主題紋。中國瓦當史上，漢代瓦當最為發達，這時開始出現了文字瓦當。尤其是，漢武帝時可說是瓦當的鼎盛時期。到了東漢，仍以文字瓦當流行，但與之前的西漢比較，其出土數量顯然減少了。
中國古代瓦當雖然中國各地皆有出土，但目前考古出土最多的，以陝西為代表。漢代瓦當在陝西出土的佔百分之七十以上。
二、漢代瓦當的分期斷代
漢代瓦當分期斷代，可從兩方面來探討。一為圖案紋瓦當，二為文字瓦當。
以雲紋為主體的圖案紋，包括羊角紋、卷雲紋、磨菇紋、反雲紋等，秦代至漢初流行雲紋和葵紋，但漢初葵紋沿用不久就消失了。漢代以雲紋為主流，可為輔助斷代之用。紋飾瓦當的斷代做起來極為複雜，本文盡其所能以收集的資料給紋飾瓦當分期斷代。
本文以漢代早期、中晚期、晚期、東漢四期斷代。所謂東漢是以東漢初期為主，因為東漢時的瓦當，考古出土資料不多，資料收集時有所限制，目前收集資料不齊全。本論文中還提出了文字瓦當斷代的標準。筆者將前人所提出的漢代文字瓦當分期斷代之法，歸納為五個標準：第一、「瓦當的製法」，第二、「瓦當的陶質」，第三、「當面的構成」，第四、「文字內容」，第五、「瓦當文的字體」。其中以「瓦當的製法」、「瓦當的陶質」與「當面的構成」較為可靠。瓦當上的字體多有復古的現象，以字體來判斷斷代的標準不太可靠。前三者為最直接的標準，但筆者無法親眼目睹，本文只能客觀的以間接的資料來印證。
三、漢代瓦當文字的內容
漢代瓦當文詞藻富麗，內容多樣，除了一般吉祥頌詞外，大都隨著建築物之性質而變化。從文字內容來區分，過去分爲宮殿、官署、陵墓、祀堂、紀事、吉語、雜類等類。從現有資料來看，不同文字內容的瓦當近三百多種，其中吉語文字瓦當類約占半數。
筆者按照前人已分類出來的多種文字瓦當，加以整理歸納出以下五大類。第一類：吉祥瓦當，第二類：紀事瓦當，第三類：宮苑瓦當、宅舍瓦當、第四類：官署瓦當、祀臺瓦當，標誌瓦當。
四、漢代瓦當文字構形分析
本論文從三點來分析瓦當字體的結構：
第一、文字瓦當的布局。瓦當字數從一字到十二字。瓦當的直徑最小十二釐米到最大的十八、或二十釐米左右。在「圓」這一特定的範圍內，進行促長行短，進行一字、二字、三字、四字、五字、六字、八字、十字、十二字的變化。瓦當的字數以及瓦當空間和其外形的侷限帶來了豐富的字形變化。
第二、文字瓦當的字形。瓦當中常出現書寫的增繁、簡筆、反寫的情形。但這種情形並未造成異體字，所以瓦當中的簡繁字體釋讀時並未造成大的困難。
第三、文字瓦當上的字體。漢代瓦當中出現的字體多，有篆書、隸書、鳥蟲書、繆篆、漢篆等。
五、漢代瓦當文字在文獻研究上的價值
文字瓦當在漢瓦中占有突出之地位，比花紋瓦當更具有時代特色。在中國歷史文獻上的意義也是可貴的。其內容多樣，除一般吉祥頌詞外，大都依建築物的性質而變化。約分為宮殿類、官署類、祀墓類和私人宅舍等所用，少數則屬於記事類。因此瓦文內容足與文獻記載相印證，據其出土地點，可確認早已消失之古代宮、室、署、祀、墓等建築的位置。通過瓦文可確實了解到漢代的地名、標誌建築的用途如何、印證官制或官名，透視漢代人心理上所反映出來的意識型態等。故研究漢代社會現象和考古方面，文字瓦當也具有參考價值。漢代瓦當研究
目次
【凡例】
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………1
第二節 漢代瓦當之著錄與研究 ……………………………………3
一、漢代瓦當之著錄與研究概況…………………………………4
二、漢代瓦當出土概況……………………………………………7
三、《秦漢瓦當》未收的漢代文字瓦當 …………………………9
第二章 瓦當的起源與種類 ……………………………………………13
第一節 瓦當及其各部位的名稱 ……………………………………14
一、瓦當 …………………………………………………………14
二、瓦當的各部位 ………………………………………………16
第二節 瓦當的起源及至東漢的發展 ………………………………17
一、西周時期 ………………………………………………………17
二、春秋戰國時期 …………………………………………………26
（一）春秋瓦當…………………………………………………26
（二）戰國時期…………………………………………………28
三、秦統一以後 ……………………………………………………37
四、漢代 ……………………………………………………………38
1、圖像紋瓦當…………………………………………………39
2、圖案紋瓦當…………………………………………………44
3、文字與花紋兼文字瓦當……………………………………46
五、陝西以外其他地區出土的漢代瓦當 ……………………… 56
第三章 漢代瓦當的分期斷代 ……………………………………………62
第一節 圖像及圖案瓦當 ……………………………………………64
一、西漢早期 ……………………………………………………65
二、西漢中晚期 …………………………………………………71
三、東漢時期 ……………………………………………………73
第二節 文字瓦當 …………………………………………………76
第四
Experimental CHf study on the scaling effect of 2-D slice test section for in-vessel retention through external reactor vessel cooling strategy
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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