1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Maternal investment and offspring viability in vervet monkeys
Full text linkPrimate infants are dependent on their mothers for their early nutritional and social needs, which allows mothers to exert a large influence over their infant’s early development. Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are seasonal breeders that produce cohorts of infants who experience similar ecological conditions but differing social conditions, as the latter reflect their mothers’ varying maternal attributes. Previous studies have supported a social hypothesis of infant survival in which differing maternal characteristics can predict an infant’s likelihood of survival and reproductive success. I examined differing maternal attributes and their influence on the survival and later growth of offspring over two consecutive developmental periods: birth to weaning, and the post-weaning juvenile period. I found that maternal attributes are not associated with infant survival or later infant growth in this population. Instead, the data presented here suggest that environmental conditions overwhelm maternal effort and greatly diminish the effect of maternal investment strategies
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The contexts of social learning in wild vervet monkeys
Full text linkUsing both observational and experimental methods, I explored the conditions under which wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) learned from one another during 12 months of field study. I paid particular attention to the contextual nature of social learning, applying a behavior analytic approach that focused on behavior—the relationship between organism and environment—rather than on individual attributes, in order to understand which behavioral transmission pathways were available to the vervets, as well as how social dynamics and individual differences influenced learning. Overall, my findings demonstrate that by taking a behavior analytic approach, we can expand the unit of analysis for cognition beyond individual animals to one that situates the organism within its environment. Doing so allows us to realize that cognition can be distributed across the environment to include not only the behavior of individual animals, but also their interactions with one another and their environments
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Contingency and context in the relationships of female vervet monkeys
Full text linkxiii, 162 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cmThis study explored the organizing principles of female sociality in free-ranging vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) inhabiting the Klein Karoo, South Africa. Females groomed more than males, grooming peaked at the end of the day and less grooming occurred during the mating season. Although females competed over food, they did not compete over grooming partners, rarely formed coalitions and did not trade grooming against other activities. Instead, they maintained grooming whilst trading between feeding and resting and feeding and moving. Despite seasonal shifts in food competition, grooming was not traded for tolerance and there was an upper limit to cohort size before clique size declined. Inter-population comparisons revealed no troop size effects on clique size, aggression and competition over high-ranking grooming partners. The rarity of coalitions suggests coalitions are unlikely to be a central component of female relationships
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