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The Sociodemographic Effects of the Crisis in Mexico
No full textThis book is about the social effects of the crisis in Mexico. The contributors are social scientists, with sociologists and social anthropologists predominating. The book is based on a set of papers prepared for a conference called "The Sociodemographic Effects of the Crisis in Mexico" which was held at the University of Texas in April, 1992Table of Contents: Preface / by Henry A. Selby and Harley Browning – Introduction: The Economic and Political Crisis in Mexico / by Henry A. Selby – Female Work and Economic Changes in Mexico: 1976-1987 / by BrÃgida GarcÃa and Orlandina de Oliveira – The Economic and Social Effects of the Crisis on Mexican Urban Households: 1978-1990 / by Henry A. Selby – Survival Strategies in an Era of Crisis: Low Income Households in Mexico City / by Rodolfo Tuirán – Men's and Women's Patterns of Intragenerational Occupational Mobility During Mexico's Boom and Crisis / by AgustÃn Escobar Latapà – Differences in Patterns of Domestic Organization: The Middle and Popular Sectors in Urban Mexico / by Mercedes González de la Rocha – Boom in the Midst of the Bust: Well-Being in Tijuana / by René M. Zenteno Quintero and Rodolfo Cruz Pineiro – Crisis and Change in a Regional City: The Case of Oaxaca, Mexico / by Arthur D. Murphy, Mary Winter, Earl W. Morris, and Martha W. Rees – Structural change and concentration: an analysis of the distribution of household income in Mexico, 1984-1989 / by Fernando Cortés and Rosa MarÃa Rubalcava – The Crisis of the Service Sector in Mexico City, 1960-1988 / by Gustavo GarzaUT Librarie
After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
No full textThis paper documents the size and timing of the world inter-continental trade boom following the great voyages in the 1490s of Columbus, da Gama and their followers. Indeed, a trade boom followed over the subsequent three centuries. But what was its cause? The conventional wisdom in the world history literature offers globalization as the answer: it alleges that declining trade barriers, falling transport costs and overseas "discovery" explains the boom. In contrast, this paper reports the evidence that confirms unambiguously that there was no commodity price convergence between continents, something that would have emerged had globalization been a force that mattered. Thus, the trade boom must have been caused by some combination of European import demand and foreign export supply from Asia and the Americas. Furthermore, the behavior of the relative price of foreign importables in European cities should tell us which mattered most and when. We offer detailed evidence on the relative prices of such importables in European markets over the five centuries 1350-1850. We then offer a model which is used to decompose the sources of the trade boom 1500-1800.
After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
No full textThis paper documents the size and timing of the world inter-continental trade boom following the greate voyages in the 1490s of Columbus, da Gama and their followers. Indeed, a trade boom followed over the subsequent three centuries. But what was its cause? The conventionnal wisdom in the world history literature offers globalization as the answer: it alleges that declining trade barriers falling transport costs and overseas "discovery" explains the boom. In contrast, this paper reports the evidence that confirms unambiguously that there was no commodity price convergence between continents, something that would have emerged had globalization been a force that mattered. Thus, the trade boom must have been caused by some combination of European import demand and foreign export supply from Asia and the Americas. Furthermore, the behavior of the relative price of foreign importables in European cities should tell us which mattered most and when. We offer detailed evidence on the relative prices of such importables in European markets over the five centuries 1350-1850. We then offer a model which is used to decompose the sources of the trade boom 1500-1800.
After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
No full textThis paper documents the size and timing of the world inter-continental trade boom following the great voyages in the 1490s of Columbus, da Gama and their followers. Indeed, a trade boom followed over the subsequent three centuries. But what was its cause? The conventional wisdom in the world history literature offers globalization as the answer: it alleges that declining trade barriers, falling transport costs and overseas 'discovery' explains the boom. In contrast, this paper reports the evidence that confirms unambiguously that there was no commodity price convergence between continents, something that would have emerged had globalization been a force that mattered. Thus, the trade boom must have been caused by some combination of European import demand and foreign export supply from Asia and the Americas. Furthermore, the behavior of the relative price of foreign importables in European cities should tell us which mattered most and when. We offer detailed evidence on the relative prices of such importables in European markets over the five centuries1350-1850. We then offer a model which is used to decompose the sources of the trade boom 1500-1800.
Exótico como palabra clave de los textos críticos sobre el boom de la prosa hispanoamericana en Polonia
No full textExotic as the key word in the critical reviews about the boom of the Spanish American prose in Poland The author of the article analyses almost two hundred reviews of Latin American prose published in the Polish press in the early seventies when the boom was just beginning. She points out four main themes which were discussed repeatedly by the Polish critics: the effort undertaken in order to explain to the readers the unknown culture, the question of Latin American identity, political and social aspects of this prose and, finally, its exotic aspect. The article focuses on the last problem. The way the critics used the word exotic at the beginning of the boom suggested to readers the stereotyped image of Latin America. Later on the critics understood that the reality described in the works of Spanish American writers was very different from its stereotype fixed in the Polish culture, but they continued using the word exotic. Its abuse led to a false conviction that the Spanish American prose had no universal values, as it talked about exotic, that is, foreign and strange people and problems.Exotic as the key word in the critical reviews about the boom of the Spanish American prose in Poland The author of the article analyses almost two hundred reviews of Latin American prose published in the Polish press in the early seventies when the boom was just beginning. She points out four main themes which were discussed repeatedly by the Polish critics: the effort undertaken in order to explain to the readers the unknown culture, the question of Latin American identity, political and social aspects of this prose and, finally, its exotic aspect. The article focuses on the last problem. The way the critics used the word exotic at the beginning of the boom suggested to readers the stereotyped image of Latin America. Later on the critics understood that the reality described in the works of Spanish American writers was very different from its stereotype fixed in the Polish culture, but they continued using the word exotic. Its abuse led to a false conviction that the Spanish American prose had no universal values, as it talked about exotic, that is, foreign and strange people and problems
Proteomics and network analyses reveal inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling in CD4+ T cells by mycobacterium tuberculosis Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall glycolipid mannose‐capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) inhibits CD4+ T‐cell activation by inhibiting proximal T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling when activated by anti‐CD3. To understand the impact of ManLAM on CD4+ T‐cell function when both the TCR–CD3 complex and major costimulator CD28 are engaged, we performed label‐free quantitative MS and network analysis. Mixed‐effect model analysis of peptide intensity identified 149 unique peptides representing 131 proteins that were differentially regulated by ManLAM in anti‐CD3‐ and anti‐CD28‐activated CD4+ T cells. Crosstalker, a novel network analysis tool identified dysregulated translation, TCA cycle, and RNA metabolism network modules. PCNA, Akt, mTOR, and UBC were found to be bridge node proteins connecting these modules of dysregulated proteins. Altered PCNA expression and cell cycle analysis showed arrest at the G2M phase. Western blot confirmed that ManLAM inhibited Akt and mTOR phosphorylation, and decreased expression of deubiquitinating enzymes Usp9x and Otub1. Decreased NF‐κB phosphorylation suggested interference with CD28 signaling through inhibition of the Usp9x‐Akt‐mTOR pathway. Thus, ManLAM induced global changes in the CD4+ T‐cell proteome by affecting Akt‐mTOR signaling, resulting in broad functional impairment of CD4+ T‐cell activation beyond inhibition of proximal TCR–CD3 signaling
Proteomic and bioinformatics profile of paired human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes
No full textLittle is known about proteomic differences between pluripotent human peripheral blood monocytes (MN) and their terminally-differentiated pulmonary counterparts, alveolar macrophages (AM). To better characterize these cell populations, we performed a label-free shotgun proteomics assessment of matched AM and MN preparations from eight healthy volunteers. With an FDR of less than 0.45%, we identified 1754 proteins within AM and 1445 from MN. Comparison of the two proteomes revealed that 1239 of the proteins found in AM were shared with MN, whereas 206 proteins were uniquely identified in MN and 515 were unique to AM. Molecular and cellular functions, protein classes, development associations and membership in physiological systems and canonical pathways were identified among the detected proteins. Analysis of biologic processes represented by these proteomes indicated that MN were most prominently enriched for proteins involved in cellular movement and immune cell trafficking. In contrast, AM were enriched for proteins involved in protein trafficking, molecular transport, and cellular assembly and organization.. These findings provide a baseline proteomic resource for further studies aimed at better understanding of the functional differences between MN and AM in both health and disease
Reception of Augusto Roa Bastos’ Works in the Context of Polish Boom (References and Interpretations)
No full textArtykuł przedstawia najważniejsze głosy krytyki hiszpańskojęzycznej i polskiej dotyczące najważniejszych bloków tematycznych w interpretacji dzieła Augusto Roa Bastosa i przedstawia polską recepcję dzieła tego paragwajskiego pisarza. Zestawia się w tekście opinie dotyczące tylko trzech
książek przetłumaczonych na język polski: dwóch powieści Syn człowieczy i Ja, Najwyższy oraz zbioru Kurupí i inne opowiadania. Inną kwestią jest umieszczenie twórczości Augusto Roa Bastosa w kontekście boomu oraz „nowej powieści latynoamerykańskiej”. Ważnymi tematami są przede
wszystkim kwestia dwujęzyczności i dwukulturowości w pisarstwie Roa Bastosa. Pisarstwo Roa Bastosa stanowi świadectwo o kulturze i domaga się także sprawiedliwości społecznej, wpisując się w tak zwany „społeczny realizm magiczny”. To szkic o Roa Bastosie jako nieco zapomnianym klasyku literatury latynoamerykańskiej XX wieku, z uwzględnieniem zwłaszcza najnowszych badań i opracowań na gruncie polskim.This article presents the most important Hispanic and Polish voices of criticism concerning the most important thematic blocks in the interpretation of works by Augusto Roa Bastos and presents the Polish reception of the works by this Paraguayan author. Summarized in the text are opinions concerning only the three books translated into Polish: two novels Son of Man, and
I, the Supreme, and the collection Kurupí and other tales. Another issue is to place the works of Augusto Roa Bastos and in the context of boom as well as „new Latin-American novel”.
Important topics are first and foremost a matter of bilingualism and biculturalism in the writings of Roa Bastos. The writings of Roa Bastos are a testimony about the culture and also a demand for social justice, by typing in the so-called “social
magic realism”. This is a sketch about Roa Bastos as a somewhat forgotten twentieth century Latin American literature classic
Exploratory Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Helicopter Tail Boom Cross-Section Models with Passive Venting
No full textTwo large-scale, two-dimensional helicopter tail boom models were used to determine the effects of passive venting on boom down loads and side forces in hovering crosswind conditions. The models were oval shaped and trapezoidal shaped. Completely porous and solid configurations, partial venting in various symmetric and asymmetric configurations, and strakes were tested. Calculations were made to evaluate the trends of venting and strakes on power required when applied to a UH-60 class helicopter. Compared with the UH-60 baseline, passive venting reduced side force but increased down load at flow conditions representing right sideward flight. Selective asymmetric venting resulted in side force benefits close to the fully porous case. Calculated trends on the effects of venting on power required indicated that the high asymmetric oval configuration was the most effective venting configuration for side force reduction, and the high asymmetric with a single strake was the most effective for overall power reduction. Also, curves of side force versus flow angle were noticeable smoother for the vented configurations compared with the solid baseline configuration; this indicated a potential for smoother flight in low-speed crosswind conditions
Współczesne symbole w przestrzeni Baku
No full textWhen performing even a cursory analysis of the visual image of contemporary Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, one simply cannot ignore its ancient history, the political influence of nearby powers and the almost age-old dependence on Soviet Russia. The regaining of independence in 1991, associated with the policy of then-national leader Heydar Aliyev, stimulated the young country’s ambition to open up to the world and organise an international cultural event. The preparation for the Eurovision Song Contest in 2012 initiated another construction boom in the history of Baku, fuelled with petrodollars, and became an occasion to present a new vision of the capital. In the years 2007–2012, numerous new cultural, artistic and sports buildings were constructed and which are now a hallmark and symbol of contemporary Baku. One such building, which creates a new, futuristic city space and is presented in the article, is the Heydar Aliyev Centre, a centre of art and museum designed by Zaha Hadid. The author notes the creative intent, external appearance and structure of the building, as well as new means of expression in creating place-based ambience. Also noted were the use of contemporary art in the creation of attractive utilitarian spaces. Other presented buildings display the ages-old symbols of the ‘Land of Fire’ in a new way and are embedded into the contemporary panorama of the cityAnalizując, nawet pobieżnie, wizualny obraz nowoczesnego Baku, stolicy Azerbejdżanu, nie sposób nie sięgnąć do jego starożytnej historii, politycznych wpływów sąsiednich potęg i prawie wiekowego uzależnienia od Rosji Radzieckiej. Odzyskanie niepodległości w 1991 r. związane z polityką ówczesnego przywódcy narodu Heydara Alijewa wyzwoliło w młodym państwie ambicję otwarcia na świat i budowania nowoczesnej stolicy w różnych wymiarach. Z takimi celami wiązało się dążenie do zorganizowania międzynarodowej imprezy kulturalnej. Przygotowanie Konkursu Eurowizji w 2012 r. uruchomiło kolejny w historii Baku boom budowlany, korzystający z petrodolarów i stało się okazją do prezentacji nowej wizji stolicy. W latach 2007 – 2012, zrealizowano wiele nowych obiektów kultury, sztuki i sportu, które są wizytówką i symbolem współczesnego Baku. Jeden z nich, kreujący nową, futurystyczną przestrzeń miasta przedstawiony w artykule, to niezwykle oryginalny obiekt kultury – centrum sztuki i muzeum Heydara Alijewa projektu Zahy Hadid. Wskazano na zamysł twórczy, wygląd zewnętrzny, konstrukcje obiektu, materiały budowlane i nowe środki wyrazu w kreowaniu nastroju miejsca. Zwrócono uwagę również na wykorzystanie sztuki nowoczesnej w tworzeniu atrakcyjnych przestrzeni użytkowych. Przywołano także inne obiekty prezentujące w nowej odsłonie odwieczne symbole „Ziemi Ognia”, wpisane współcześnie w panoramę miasta
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