1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Tärkeiden ilmastonmuutosta ja -vaihteluita aiheuttavien prosessien mallintaminen
Get PDFGreenhouse gas warming, internal climate variability and aerosol climate effects are studied and the importance to understand these key processes and being able to separate their influence on the climate is discussed. Aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM and the COSMOS millennium model consisting of atmospheric, ocean and carbon cycle and land-use models are applied and results compared to measurements. Topics at focus are climate sensitivity, quasiperiodic variability with a period of 50-80 years and variability at other timescales, climate effects due to aerosols over India and climate effects of northern hemisphere mid- and high-latitude volcanic eruptions.
The main findings of this work are 1) pointing out the remaining challenges in reducing climate sensitivity uncertainty from observational evidence, 2) estimates for the amplitude of a 50-80 year quasiperiodic oscillation in global mean temperature ranging from 0.03 K to 0.17 K and for its phase progression as well as the synchronising effect of external forcing, 3) identifying a power law shape S(f) ∝ f−α for the spectrum of global mean temperature with α ∼ 0.8 between multidecadal and El Nino timescales with a smaller exponent in modelled climate without external forcing, 4) separating aerosol properties and climate effects in India by season and location 5) the more efficient dispersion of secondary sulfate aerosols than primary carbonaceous aerosols in the simulations, 6) an increase in monsoon rainfall in northern India due to aerosol light absorption and a probably larger decrease due to aerosol dimming effects and 7) an estimate of mean maximum cooling of 0.19 K due to larger northern hemisphere mid- and high-latitude volcanic eruptions.
The results could be applied or useful in better isolating the human-caused climate change signal, in studying the processes further and in more detail, in decadal climate prediction, in model evaluation and in emission policy design in India and other Asian countries.Ilmastonmuutosta ja ilmastonvaihteluita tutkittiin erilaisilla ilmastomalleilla, päätyökalujen ollessa Max Planck Institutilla kehitetty aerosolimalli ja ilmastojärjestelmämalli, joita ajetaan supertietokoneilla. Aiheet liittyivät ilmaston lämpenemiseen kasvihuonekaasujen takia, ilmaston sisäiseen vaihteluun sekä pienhiukkasten ilmastovaikutuksiin.
Väitöskirjan päätuloksia: 1) Ilmaston herkkyys, eli maapallon keskilämpötilan kohoaminen hiilidioksidipitoisuuden kaksinkertaistuessa, on edelleen epävarma suure ja etenkin suurten arvojen poissulkeminen on vaikeaa havaintojen perusteella. Tämän takia tietyllä hiilidioksidipitoisuudella ilmaston lämpeneminen on jollakin todennäköisyydellä parasta arviota huomattavasti voimakkaampaa, 2) Maapallon ilmasto näyttäisi mittausten ja mallikokeiden perusteella muuttuvan n. 65 vuoden (50-80) kvasisäännöllisissä heilahteluissa (muiden muutosten ja vaihteluiden lisäksi). Heilahtelun amplitudi on todennäköisesti n. 0,05-0,15 astetta maapallon keskilämpötilassa ja fysikaaliset syyt liittyvät valtamerten hitaaseen dynamiikkaan, 3) Käytetty ilmastojärjestelmämalli simuloi ilmastonvaihtelut mittauksiin verrattuna hyvin eri taajuuksilla noin 65 vuoden heilahteluista 3-7 vuoden El Nino -heilahteluihin, 4) Intian ja Kiinan pienhiukkasten jakaumat ajan, paikan, hiukkasen koon ja kemiallisen koostumuksen suhteen mallisimulaatioissa nykypäästöillä sekä eräitä tulevaisuusskenaarioita käyttäen, 5) Jos pienhiukkanen muodostuu kaasusta ilmakehässä, se näyttäisi ainakin Intiassa ja Kiinassa kulkeutuvan keskimäärin kauemmaksi lähdealueistaan kuin suoraan poltto- tai mekaanisissa prosesseissa syntyvät pienhiukkaset, 6) Pohjois-Intian monsuunisateet vähenevät mallisimulaatioiden perusteella pienhiukkasten valoa himmentävästä vaikutuksesta johtuen, vaikka valon absorptio lisää sitä, 7) Arviot tietynsuuruisten pohjoisen pallonpuoliskon keski- ja korkeiden leveysasteiden tulivuorenpurkausten keskimäärin aiheuttamille ilmastovaikutuksille, mm. maksimiviileneminen 0,19 astetta pallonpuoliskon keskilämpötilassa.Uppvärmning av klimatet p.g.a. växthusgaser, intern variabilitet av klimatet och klimateffekter av aerosoler studeras och vikten av att förstå och kunna kvantifiera dessa processer diskuteras. Aerosolklimatmodellen ECHAM5-HAM och COSMOS-milleniummodellen, som består av atmosfär-, ocean- och landsanvändnings- och kolkretsloppsmodeller, tillämpas och resultat jämförs med observationer. Ämnen som avhandlingen koncentrerar sig på är klimatkänsligheten, kvasiperiodisk variabilitet med en period på 50-80 år och variabilitet med andra tidsskalor, klimateffekter och egenskaper av aerosoler i Indien och klimateffekter av vulkanutbrott vid höga och medelhöga breddgrader av det norra halvklotet.
De viktigaste upptäckterna i denna avhandling är 1) påvisandet av de återstående utmaningarna i att minska osäkerheten av klimatkänsligheten uppskattad från observationer, 2)uppskattningar av amplituden av en kvasi-periodisk 50-80 årig oskillation i den globala medeltemperaturen från 0,03 K till 0,17 K samt för dess fasutveckling och den synkroniserande effekten av yttre drivningar, 3) igenkännande av ett potenslagsformat spektrum S(f) ∝ f−α för den globala medeltemperaturen med α ∼ 0.8 mellan tidsskalor av flera decennier och El Nino -tidsskalor samt en mindre exponent i simulationer utan yttre drivning, 4)åtskiljning av aerosols egenskaper och klimateffekter i Indien på basen av plats och årstid, 5) en mera effektiv spridning av primära sulfataerosoler än sekundära kolaerosoler i simulationerna, 6) en ökning i monsunsnederbörden i Indien p.g.a. absorption av ljus av aerosoler och en sannolikt större minskning p.g.a. mattning av ljus av aerosoler och 7) en uppskattning på 0,19 K för den maximala kylningen p.g.a. större vulkanutbrott på höga och medelhöga breddgrader av det norra halvklotet.
Resultaten kan vara nyttiga i isolering av klimatföränd-ringssignalen orsakad av människor, i noggrannare och mer detaljerade studier av processerna, i klimatprognoser med årtiondeskala, i värdering av modeller och som stöd för politisk beslutsfattning i samband med partikelutsläpp i Indien och andra länder.ei saavutettav
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
