1,721,025 research outputs found
The peer mental health stigmatization scale‐revised ( PMHSS ‐R): Psychometric properties and cross‐cultural factorial invariance in university students in Ireland and Argentina
Full text linkIntroduction: The study aimed to assess the psychometric quality of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale – Revised (PMHSS-R), by examining its factorial structure among young adults in Ireland and Argentina. Method: A total of 429 participants aged between 18 and 25 years old were recruited (n = 187 Ireland, n = 242 Argentina). The PMHSS-R was completed by Irish participants and was translated, pilot-studied, and subsequently completed by Argentinian participants. Results: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated optimal factor loadings for an eight-item solution and acceptable internal consistency for both scale dimensions in the Argentinian sample. Satisfactory levels of partial scalar invariance were achieved between countries, indicating that the scale measures mental health stigma consistently across cultures. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings highlight the PMHSS-R as a crossculturally valid and reliable psychometric instrument to evaluate interventions targeting stigma. In conclusion, the PMHSS-R can be used in cross-cultural research to compare levels of mental health stigma and investigate the interplay between stigma and other psychologically relevant constructs between different countries and cultural contexts.Fil: Tisocco, Franco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Nearchou, Finiki. Universidad de Dublin; IrlandaFil: Hennessy, Eilis. Universidad de Dublin; IrlandaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
How to tackle stigma and bias: Lessons from childhood diseases and disabilities
Full text linkAnnual Conference of the Association for the Study of Obesity in Ireland, University of Ulster, Belfast, 7th May, 2014This paper considers the importance of tackling the stigma of obesity and focuses particularly on what is known about the way in which stigma develops. Stigma is considered as a complex construct comprising attitudes, prejudices and discriminatory behaviour. In light of this conceptualisation of stigma, a range of anti-stigma interventions are discussed that have been designed to tackle the stigma associated with epilepsy, Tourette's syndrome, obesity and mental disorders. The paper considers what is currently
know about interventions that work and points to the limitations in the existing research on anti-stigma interventions. Finally some suggestions are made on how to move forward.Author has checked copyrigh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Stigma and youth mental health: The importance of social context
Full text linkThe 2nd International Association of Youth Mental Health Conference, Brighton, UK, 30th September - 2nd October, 2013The term stigma has been
widely used in the social sciences since the 1960s, however until recently it
has rarely been applied in the context of youth mental health. This paper, which addresses the stigma of youth mental health, has two main aims. The first is to explain what is meant by stigma and to give examples of stigma drawn from interviews with
young people with mental health problems.
The second aim is to explore what is known about the development of stigma
and to argue that researchers interested in the topic could learn much from theoretical
approaches to the study of the development of intergroup relationships and
prejudice. What
is stigma? The term is complex but is usually considered to encompass three
different components: stereotypes (e.g. young people with mental health problems are
disruptive), prejudices (e.g. I would not like to be friends with someone with depression) and discrimination (e.g. I would not invite someone
with schizophrenia to a party). The paper will begin by presenting young
people's personal experiences of these components of stigma and will argue that
social exclusion is a serious problem, as young people need to be part a
network of peers in order to develop social skills and confidence. Research also suggests that young people who stigmatize may themselves suffer, as they may be less willing to seek help if they develop mental health problems. The
paper will then consider research on the development of stigmatizing attitudes by
drawing on the findings of a series of studies with young
people (from middle childhood through adolescence) that have explored negative
attitudes towards peers with mental health problems. Evidence from these studies suggests how young people react
depends on their age, their gender and on the type of mental health problem
they encounter in their peers. For example, research suggests that older
teenagers are more accepting of behaviour associated with ADHD, whereas they
are less accepting of males with symptoms of depression. The
findings of studies like this will be used to argue that developmental
inter-group theory, originally proposed to explain the development of prejudice
in childhood, has potential as a framework for understanding how mental health
stigma develops. The theory
proposes that stigma begins to develop early in life as people are identified
as different, through their behaviour their looks or the way they are
treated. Once children learn to categorize their peers, they are then susceptible to messages that peers who are different (such as those with mental health problems) have negative characteristics e.g. they are untrustworthy. The
value of a unifying theoretical approach is that it can highlight gaps in
existing knowledge about the development of stigma, it can point to important
topics for future research and it can provide a rationale for the design and
implementation of anti-stigma programmes. Such efforts to reduce stigma have the potential to accrue long-term benefits by improving the quality of life of all young people.Author has checked copyrightAM
Ten of our stigma research findings and their implications
Full text linkPresentation at the University of Nottingham, UK, 20 June, 2014Author has checked copyrigh
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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