1,721,622 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Effect of Quasi-Money on Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth：Evidence from Taiwan
No full text隨著金融發展以及金融商品不斷推出，資金可以快速的流通於各市場，準貨幣的流通速度高於以往，與總體環境間的關係更為敏感，而準貨幣餘額的增加則顯示出金融深化的現象，是以為探討準貨幣與經濟發展間的相互關係，本文以台灣1985年第一季至2006年第四季期間資料，分別研究影響準貨幣變動的主要因素以及準貨幣變動對資本累積以及經濟成長的影響，而綜合本文實證結果，可得到下列結論：1)準貨幣的變動主要受到短期票券利率、匯率、商業本票期底發行餘額、股價指數、M_1B餘額、儲蓄存款以及強力貨幣變動之影響，顯示金融中介成熟，準貨幣與其他資產的資金轉換迅速。2)準貨幣對資本累積的影響在實證下並無顯著關係，顯示資本變動主要還是受到實質景氣循環的影響，而市場資金的多寡以及短期利率高低對於廠商投資意願的影響較微弱。 3)準貨幣與金融深化對經濟發展的影響，主要分為兩階段，在金融市場尚未健全時，準貨幣餘額以及金融深化指標對產出成長率的影響並不顯著，而在金融市場有一定程度發展後，準貨幣餘額成長以及金融深化會使人民選擇持有更多的金融資產而減少對實質資本的持有，造成產出下降。目錄一章 緒論.................................. 1.1 研究動機..................................1.2 研究目的..................................4.3 研究架構..................................4二章 文獻回顧...............................6.1貨幣與總體經濟活動的關係...................6.2 貨幣需求函數..............................7.3 貨幣與經濟發展............................8.4 金融深化指標與經濟成長....................9三章 實證模型的建立........................13.1 實證模型的設立 ...........................13.1.1 決定準貨幣餘額的因素...................13.1.2 準貨幣餘額對資本累積影響的實證模型.....14.1.3 準貨幣餘額與經濟成長關係的實證模型.....16.2 資料來源與處理 ...........................18.2.1資料來源................................18.2.2 單根檢定...............................19四章 實證結果分析.........................28.1總體變數對準貨幣的影響....................28.2準貨幣餘額對資本累積的影響................30.3準貨幣餘額對經濟成長的影響................32五章 結論..................................35考文獻.....................................3
Biological Characterization of Proliferin 1
No full textProliferin（PLF）在泌乳素及生長激素的家族成員中，屬於分泌性醣化蛋白質。已知在纖維母細胞有PLF1表現，但會抑制肌肉細胞分化。PLF1能夠促進細胞增殖，並選擇性地抑制多種調控肌肉細胞分化的基因之轉譯，先前我們發現在脂肪細胞的分化過程中PLF1 mRNA 的表現有差異性，並闡述說明PLF蛋白質在生物系統中的角色，包括：脂肪細胞生成作用、體重之調整、癌細胞的增殖及轉移，我們研究的目的主要為重組蛋白表現、多株抗體的製造及不同生物系統中PLF1蛋白質的表現量的評估。
我們選殖PLF1 cDNA片段構築於細菌的表現質體，發現蛋白質的表現為一明顯之不溶解性蛋白質，存在包涵體內。我們溶解此一蛋白質，且完成蛋白質再摺疊，成母繸o有效的蛋白質，利用溶解性蛋白質經由脾臟注射方式使兔子產生免疫反應來獲得抗體。接著進行抗體效價檢測，利用重組蛋白質進行免疫墨點法分析後，我們發現抗體血清在第四週效價最高。
探究PLF1蛋白質在脂肪生成過程中的表現，我們發現PLF1蛋白質在脂肪細胞分化期間，隨著分化時間的增加，表現量也增加，這結果與RT-PCR分析mRNA之表現是一致的。此表現模式可完全對照在肌肉生成過程。由於PLF1是分泌性蛋白質，我們嘗試在肥胖病人開刀減重治療前後的血清中，偵測此蛋白質，惜未能所獲，可能是血中PLF1濃度太低，或是抗體的品質較差；然而在肥胖病人開刀前後的血漿中，我們意外發現在45-kDa的一個蛋白質與我們的抗體有反應，而且其表現有差異性。同樣地，在老鼠植入癌細胞及其轉移時的血清中，我們無法在24-kDa的位置偵測到PLF1，但是在相同的血清中，在45-kDa的位置也偵測到一個蛋白質。
總結，我們完成抗體的製備，在3T3-L1細胞分化成脂肪細胞的過程中，顯示PLF1蛋白質的表現量是增加的。在血清中無法偵測到PLF1蛋白質，可能是血中濃度太低，或是抗體的敏感度較差。未來，可利用抗體的專一性進行純化，以為進一步研究。Proliferin (PLF) is a secreted glycoprotein in the prolactin-growth hormone family. PLF1 has been shown to be expressed in the fibroblasts but was suppressed during myogenic differentiation. PLF is actively involved in cell proliferation and selectively represses myogenic-specific transcription that modulates multiple muscle-specific genes. Previously, we have found that PLF1 mRNA was differentially expressed during adipocyte differentiation. To further elucidate the role of PLF1 protein in the biological system including adipogenesis, body weight regulation and cancer cell proliferation/metastasis, we aimed to express recombinant proteins, producing a polyclonal antibody, and evaluate the level of protein expression of PLF1 in various biological systems.
We have cloned the full-length cDNA of the PLF1 into prokaryotic expression vector and found that the expression of the protein was predominantly insoluble and in the inclusion bodies. We have solubilized this protein and performed protein refolding to obtain active protein with success. Antibodies were obtained by immunizing rabbits via intrasplenic injection of this soluble protein. With monitoring of the titer of antibody, we found immune serum at 4th week contained a high titer of antibody as evidenced by Immunoblotting analysis on the recombinant proteins.
To explore the protein expression of PLF1 during adipogenesis, we found the expression of PLF1 protein increased with adipocyte differentiation, consistent with the expression of mRNA analyses by RT-PCR. This expression pattern is quite contrast to myogenesis. Since PLF1 is a secretory protein, we tried to detect this protein in the serum of obese before and after weight reduction surgery. Unfortunately, we could not detect PLF1, possibly due to the low concentration of this protein or the quality of the antibody. However, we found a 45-kDa protein reactive to our antibody that showed difference in the plasma samples of obese subjects after surgery. Similarly, we could not detect 24-kDa PLF1 in the serum of mouse sera from the implanted cancer with and without metastasis. But, a 45-kDa protein was also detected in those samples.
In conclusion, we raised the PLF1 antibodies and showed the increased protein expression of PLF1 during 3T3 adipocytes differentiation. The level of PLF1 in the serum could not be detected possibly due to low concentration of this protein or the poor sensitivity of the antibody. Further purification of the specific antibodies is warranted for future investigation.總目次Ⅰ
圖表目次Ⅱ
中文摘要Ⅳ
英文摘要Ⅵ
縮寫表Ⅷ
實驗藥品Ⅹ
儀器設備ⅩII
第一章、 緒論1
第一節 研究背景1
第二節 研究動機5
第三節 研究目的7
第二章 實驗材料及方法8
第一節 標的蛋白質基因選殖8
第二節 重組蛋白質表現14
第三節 抗體製備25
第四節 細胞培養27
第三章 實驗結果30
第四章 討論41
附圖47
參考文獻73
圖1、Conserved stucture of mouse prolactin-family members 1
圖2、PLF1 mRNA在3T3-L1 preadipocyte誘導分化24後小
時的表現 47
圖3、利用限制酵素反應分析PLF1 cDNA片段之轉殖 48
圖4、利用聚合酶連鎖增幅反應分析PLF1 cDNA片段轉殖入
pET 32b表現質體 49
圖5、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析重組蛋白質於37℃下不同時間的表現 50
圖6、利用免疫墨點法檢測重組蛋白質於37℃下不同時間的表現 51
圖7、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析重組蛋白質於
20℃下不同時間的表現 52
圖8、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析重組蛋白質在含有2 % glucose培養液於37℃下不同時間的表現 53
圖9、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析重組蛋白質在含有2 % glucose培養液於20℃下不同時間的表現 54
圖10、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析中量PLF1重組蛋白質於37℃下3小時後的表現 55
圖11、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析再摺疊後的溶解性蛋白質的分析 56
圖12、兩種不同方法分析與檢測再摺疊後的PLF1重組蛋白質 57
圖13、兩種不同方法分析與偵測PLF1重組蛋白質溶液在不同酸鹼值 (pH 8.0、7.6、7.0) 的含量 58
圖14、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳檢測PLF1重組蛋白質溶液純化後的含量 59
圖15、PLF1重組蛋白質溶液經離心濃縮後以10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳法檢測 60
圖16、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法檢測PLF1重組蛋白質經Enterokinase修飾酵素反應的情形 61
圖17、利用anti-His tag抗體作免疫墨點法檢測PLF1重組蛋白質經Enterokinase修飾限制酵素反應的情形 62
圖18、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法檢測第二週PLF1抗體的效價 63
圖19、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法檢測第四週PLF1抗體的效價 64
圖20、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法檢測各週 (第二、四、六週) PLF1抗體的效價 65
圖21、利用10 % SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳分析檢測純化後第四週PLF1抗體溶液 66
圖22、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法檢測第四週PLF1抗體血清純化後的效價 67
圖23、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法PLF1蛋白質在脂肪細胞生成作用過程中表現量的差異 68
圖24、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法檢測肥胖病人開刀減重治療前後血漿中PLF1蛋白質的表現及差異性 69
圖25、利用anti-PLF1抗體作免疫墨點法偵測PLF1蛋白質在癌症及其轉移時血清的表現量 70
圖26、脂肪細胞分化過程中PLF1 mRNA的表現量 71
圖27、脂肪細胞分化完成後加入BRL49653的前後，其PLF1 mRNA表現量的差異 7
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231153587 - Supplemental material for Inhibition of DNA methylation attenuates lung ischemia–reperfusion injury after lung transplantation
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231153587 for Inhibition of DNA methylation attenuates lung ischemia–reperfusion injury after lung transplantation by Ming-yuan Liu, Ying-nan Ju, Bao-wei Jia, Xi-kun Sun, Lin Qiu, Heng-yu Liu, Guang-xiao Xu, Qi-hang Tai, Jing Tan and Wei Gao in Journal of International Medical Research</p
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