1,721,026 research outputs found
The effects of Industry 4.0 technologies and data-driven decision-making on operational performance: Evidence from US and Italian survey data
No full textAfter years spent conceptualizing Industry 4.0, it is now possible to assess its impact on operational performance, as it is finally becoming measurable – especially in an industry, such as the automotive, characterized by rapid technological and managerial innovation. Identified two main subsets of digital technologies, this article discusses their interplay with different decision-making approaches in achieving cost reduction, using the results of a unique cross-country survey of more than one hundred US and Italian auto-supplier firms. By exploring the link between digitalization, data, and decision-making, this study contributes to literatures of technological change and knowledge management. Also, based on the findings, concrete recommendations are offered to managers that aim to improve cost performance in digitalized firms, maximizing the benefits of Industry 4.0 adoption, and to policy makers in education, who are called to urgently update (or create) curricula that prepare operational workers and managers for the challenges of datadriven decision-making
Organizational Architecture and the Adoption and Use of New Technologies: Evidence from Italian and US Survey Data
No full textWe provide results from a detailed survey of automation of firms in the automotive sectors in the United States and Italy. In both countries, we find evidence of heterogeneity of organizational architectures—some firms organize around a “Taylorist” approach and others around a “Pragmatist” approach. We find some notable differences in the adoption and use of new technologies, particularly robots. In the US, robots are considered an effective tool to address skill shortage, but not as much in Italy. This is partly explained by the fact that finding workers who possess the desired skills is seen as a major challenge in the US. Overall, Pragmatist firms in both countries appear more likely to adopt robots to increase quality rather than to reduce unit and labor costs
Digital Transformation of the Italian and US Automotive Supply Chains: Evidence from Survey Data
Full text linkWe provide results from a detailed survey of automation and digitization in firms in the automotive sectors in the United States and Italy. In both countries, we find evidence of heterogeneity of organizational architectures—some firms organize around a “Taylorist” approach and others around a pragmatic approach. We find some notable differences in the adoption and use of new technologies, particularly robots. In the US, robots are considered an effective tool to address skill shortage, but not as much in Italy. This is partly explained by the fact that in the US finding workers who possess the desired skills is seen as a major challenge. Italian firms attribute to robots a higher impact on improving safety conditions in the shop floor. This might explain why Italian firms have adopted more technologies for parts tracking, given they are frequently used to trace all the production processes to guarantee product safety. Overall, firms in both countries appear more likely to adopt robots to increase quality rather than to reduce unit and labor costs. Despite technology adoption is underway (though more in the US), we found that companies in both countries (especially in US) are not automating data collection suggesting that firms are not utilizing the new automation and digitization technologies to their fullest extent but in the “old” way
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
