119,406 research outputs found
Helms, Frank L.
No full textMary Lou Helms - wifehttps://stars.library.ucf.edu/cfm-ch-memoranda-1930/1794/thumbnail.jp
Some remarks concerning European law:The example of the anti-Helms-Burton measures
No full textThe Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Libertad Act, also known as the Helms-Burton Act, envisages, amongst other things, putting an end to the trafficking in property having belonged to US nationals which was confiscated by the Cuban government on or after January 1, 1959. Measures against Helms-Burton have been implemented by many states. The European Community and the European Union have also legislated against this Act. The EC measures against Helms-Burton are encompassed by a regulation dated November 22, 1996. In addition to the EC regulation, the European Union took action against Helms-Burton on the basis of Articles J.3 and K.3 of the Treaty on European Union. The Union decided that all of its Member States should take the measures they may find necessary to safeguard the interests of natural or legal persons within their territory which are not protected by the EC regulation Official Journal 1996 L 309/7. In order to understand the above European measures and the way in which they were enacted, some knowledge of the structure and competences of the European Community and the European Union is required. In this note the author discusses the difference between the European Community and the European Union; the type of instrument encompassing the anti-Helms-Burton measures; the legal basis of the EC and EU measures against Helms-Burton and some related issues
Is the Helms-Burton Act consistent with the international obligations of the United States
No full textThis thesis examines whether the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996, also referred to as the Helms-Burton Act, is consistent with the international obligations of the United States, deriving from both customary and conventional international law.After describing the historical background of the Helms-Burton Act, this analysis (1) discusses the consistency of the Act under customary international law, and particularly the legality of the extraterritorial features of the Act; (2) exposes the US's arguments under the World Trade Organization Agreement (WTO) and under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); (3) questions the legality of the Helms-Burton Act under the WTO rules, that is under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and under the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs); (4) examines the consistency of the Helms-Burton Act under NAFTA; and (5) concludes as to the inconsistency of the Helms-Burton Act with the international obligations of the United States
SPRAWLSCAPES 09. Riflessioni per una sperimentazione progettuale. SPRAWLSCAPES 09. Reflections on a new design approach
No full textThe Nationality of Claims Principle of Public International Law and the Helms-Burton Act
No full textThe Helms-Burton act is more than a vehicle for claimants of confiscated Cuban property; it seeks an international moratorium on investment in Cuba to force political change. This use of law to promote foreign policy objectives violates established principles of international law and is at odds with customary government policy.
Mr. Muse argues that the Act violates the nationality of claims principle by providing a right of action in federal courts to Cuban property claimants who were Cuban citizens at the time of confiscation. The vast majority of potential claimants under Title Ill were not U.S. citizens in 1959. Further, the U.S. government has always abided by the nationality of claims principle, and the author describes the cases of Italy and Czechoslovakia. The author concludes that Congress must amend the Act to remedy its violation of international law
The Nationality of Claims Principle of Public International Law and the Helms-Burton Act
No full textThe Helms-Burton act is more than a vehicle for claimants of confiscated Cuban property; it seeks an international moratorium on investment in Cuba to force political change. This use of law to promote foreign policy objectives violates established principles of international law and is at odds with customary government policy.
Mr. Muse argues that the Act violates the nationality of claims principle by providing a right of action in federal courts to Cuban property claimants who were Cuban citizens at the time of confiscation. The vast majority of potential claimants under Title Ill were not U.S. citizens in 1959. Further, the U.S. government has always abided by the nationality of claims principle, and the author describes the cases of Italy and Czechoslovakia. The author concludes that Congress must amend the Act to remedy its violation of international law
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Photobiont selectivity in the epiphytic lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora conizaeoides
No full textIn two lichen species, Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora conizaeoides, often used as model organisms for pollution-sensitive and pollution-tolerant epiphytic lichens, respectively, the hypothesis was tested that the toxitolerance of the Trebouxia photobiont limits the tolerance of the entire lichen symbiosis. Being lecanoralean-trebouxioid associations, H. physodes and L. conizaeoides represent the most common type of lichens. Photobionts of both lichen species deriving from microhabitats with varying supply of S and heavy metals were identified using nuclear ITS nrDNA sequencing. The photobiont of L. conizaeoides was identified as T. simplex, whereas the photobiont of H. physodes belongs to an undescribed Trebouxia species, related to T. jamesii subsp. angustilobata and provisionally named as T. hypogymniae Hauck & Friedl ined. Since T. hypogymniae ined. is also known from Lecidea silacea, which is characteristic of rock and slag with high heavy metal content, a high sensitivity of this alga to pollutants is unlikely to be a key factor for the relatively low toxitolerance of H. physodes. Furthermore, the photobiont cannot be crucial for the extremely high toxitolerance of L. conizaeoides, as T simplex is also known from pollution-sensitive lichens of the fruticose genus Pseudevernia. These findings suggest that the photobiont is not generally a key factor determining pollution sensitivity in the most common type of lichen symbiosis. The high specificity for T. simplex in L. conizaeoides in existing populations of L. conizaeoides suggest that already established thalli could be a source of photobiont cells for re-lichenization
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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