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Identification of Mixed Tropical Hardwood (MTH) by characteristic morphological features - a contribution to species protection
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Identifizierung von Mixed Tropical Hardwood (MTH) mittels charakteristischer morphologischer Merkmale - ein Beitrag zum Artenschutz
No full textThis study deals with the investigation of 38 Asian timbers for identification purposes of their genera, thus making it possible to detect these timber genera in fibrous materials such as pulp and paper products as well as fiberboards.
Currently, the standard method for determining wood genera in fibrous materials is to compare the anatomy of the cells with references. The identification is made possible by the examination of certain cells of hardwood: the vessel elements. These have the most numerous and conspicuous characteristic morphological features which differ from genus to genus, thus enabling these genera to be differentiated. There are a number of atlases that list references to temperate woods, which are frequently used for pulp and paper. The most comprehensive sample is the "Fiber Atlas" by Ilvessalo-Pfäffli (1995).
The chief objective of the present investigation is to complement the hitherto existent fiber atlases with a whole new set of genera references, namely those of the Asian tree genera. Thus, it is now for the first time possible to determine these Asian tree genera in fibrous materials as well. Many of these belong to the group “Mixed Tropical Hardwood” (MTH). Particularly with regard to the increase
in pulp production in Asia, and especially in Southeast Asia, the need has arisen to provide references for the indigenous Asian tree genera. The investigation procedure consisted of macerating each genus of a total of 35 genera (38 species). Each macerate was then stained and the vessel elements were separated out. Permanent microscope slides of the vessel elements were made and quantitative data on the vessel elements were collected. High-quality microphotographic images of each genus were taken and a selection of representative elements was compiled on one page. In addition, descriptions of the diagnostic features, including quantitative data, were noted. Of the respective genera, selected dimensions of the vessel elements and their intervessel pits as well as of the fibers were recorded. A significance analysis was carried out for the 23 species of the first publication (Helmling et al. 2016).
In addition, comparisons of the investigated genera within two families were made. For this study, four wood genera of the Anacardiaceae and six genera or subgenera of the Dipterocarpaceae were compared with each other. The compared genera of the Anacardiaceae are distinguishable, as a blind test showed. Campnosperma shows the biggest differences, while the other three genera Gluta, Mangifera and Swintonia are more similar. The investigated genera of the Dipterocarpaceae
(Dipterocarpus, Parashorea and the four subgenera of Shorea: Anthoshorea, Richetia, Rubroshorea and Shorea) show great similarities and are hardly distinguishable in mixed samples.
For the topochemical characterization, UV spectroscopic investigations were done. The lignin content of mechanical pulp, as compared with the lignin content of macerated tissue, was analyzed by investigating three genera (Eucalyptus, Hevea and Shorea subg. Rubroshorea). It could be demonstrated that, in contrast to mechanical pulp, macerated tissue contains nearly no residual lignin. Furthermore, the variability of characteristic feature dimensions within a genus (Gonystylus) and a subgenus (Shorea subg. Rubroshorea) from different (geographical) origins was investigated. This investigation not only confirms the variability of the dimensions of characteristic morphological features within a genus, but also affirms the expediency of size classes as determined by the standards of the “International Association of Wood Anatomists” (IAWA).
The entire study contributes substantially to the implementation of the European Timber Regulation (EUTR), which was introduced in 2013 in order to thwart trade in illegally logged timber. With the “Atlas of Vessel Elements“ (Helmling et al. 2018) and the documented references therein, the inspectors authorized to implement the EUTR are provided with a means to effectively control pulp and paper products that are imported by market participants into the European Union (EU). This work equips the competent authorities – as well as the traders who carry out voluntary self-checks – with an array of data tools that extends to the vast domain of Asian timbers, thus now enabling their determination in pulp and paper
Anforderungen an Fensterkanteln : Malaysian Timber Council (MTC) zu Gast am Thünen-Institut in Hamburg
Get PDFHolzfenster aus Malaysia? Welche neuen Marktentwicklungen und -anforderungen sind zu erwarten? Während in Nürnberg schon die Messe "Fensterbau frontal" eröffnet wurde, trafen sich etwa 30 Vertreter der Fensterbranche aus Malaysia und Deutschland zu einem informativen Seminar am Thünen-Institut in Hamburg (VTI). Am Beispiel der Marke "Lamselect Malaysia" wurden Inhalte über die Anforderungen an Fensterkanteln und ihre Zertifizierungssysteme vermittelt
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