1,723,190 research outputs found
Ambiguities in visual perception. The aperture problem and the role of eye movements in perceptual bistability
No full textvan Dam L. Ambiguities in visual perception. The aperture problem and the role of eye movements in perceptual bistability. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Helmholtz Institute; 2006
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Properties of the peripersonal space in behaving humans
No full textHumans are equipped with many systems to help protect us from bodily harm. One of them is the peripersonal space that tries to help us avoid collisions or minimize the impact of collisions with external objects. This small network in the brain monitors the spaces immediately surrounding individual body-parts such as the face, hands, torso, legs and engages defensive responses such as moving the body-part away from the direction of impact, or closing the eyes in the event that impact is expected on the face. The interesting thing is that the protective zones around the body parts of independent of each other, and the defensive responses they trigger are also specific to protecting that body part. This defensive mechanism was the focus of this thesis. Initially discovered in primates, research is now being conducted in humans to gain an understanding of it. In the first study of the thesis, we show that humans are not only capable of anticipating where they are to expect an approaching object to make contact, but they are also capable of extracting exactly when the contact is to occur. We show that anticipating physical contact from a moving object facilitates the activity of the PPS mechanism. That is, both the action of the peripersonal space network and the anticipation of touch together help us prepare and respond to an object that is likely to come in contact with us. In other studies we looked at the properties of the peripersonal space. When the speed of a looming object increases, the defensive PPS around the body-part also increases, so as to be able to trigger the defensive response effectively sooner. This result is directly in line with what was observed in the neuronal activity of monkeys. Neurons tended to respond sooner when the object approaching the monkey loomed faster. We also show that the peripersonal space network integrates information from multiple senses, such as vision and touch to form its responses. That is, when you are able to both see an object approach you and feel its initial touch you are likely to detect it sooner than if you only saw it or felt its touch. This thesis looked at the effect of our action capability on our ability to estimate the locations of approaching objects. We showed that the better your action capability, the better you are estimating the location of a looming object. We compared video game players with non-video game players in a virtual reality task where they had to prevent a looming ball from making contact with an object standing next to them. We then asked the participants to estimate the location of the ball when it changed colour. We found that video game players were not only more effective at stopping the ball, they were also more accurate at estimating the location of the ball. Non-video game players, were slower at stopping the ball and also consistently judged the ball to be closer to them than it actually was. We see that when we need to interact with a looming object, our ability to effectively interact with it determines our judgement of its location. The results of this thesis demonstrate the effects of the mechanisms that our brain is equipped with to maintain a safety margin around our body
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Reflections on clinical neuropsychology: a multifaceted approach
No full textNeuropsychology is a rapidly growing, independent discipline with a broad work field. Neuropsychologists are working in hospitals, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes, forensic organisations and research institutes. One of the most important instruments of a neuropsychologist in assessing the behavioural expression of brain functions is the neuropsychological examination. This examination can have different purposes: 1. Diagnosis 2. Patient care 3. Treatment 4. Research The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the diversity of the purposes of a neuropsychological examination. I will do this by presenting a series of studies that reflect these different purposes. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 will describe the neuropsychological examination as a diagnostic tool in two case studies. Chapter 4 and chapter 5 discuss different aspects of the neuropsychological examination in patient care. Chapter 6 illustrates the neuropsychological examination as a manner to evaluate treatment. Chapter 7, 8 and 9 are examples of the neuropsychological examination in research. In Chapter 10, the General Discussion, we question whether the different purposes of a neuropsychological examination should be seen as isolated aspects. As neuropsychologists, we aim the most optimal use of our neuropsychological assessment. Should we therefore not continuously keep other purposes as the one defined in the referral question in mind as well? Combining different purposes in one neuropsychological examination can be described as a multipurpose examination. A multipurpose examination makes us aware of other possible purposes of the neuropsychological examination than originally determined. The multipurpose examination, or in other words a multifaceted approach, forces us to think outside the standard boundaries of our assessment and outside the original reason for referral. In daily practice, the combination between the different purposes, or in other words between research and clinical care, is not always made. This can be the result of limited time and financial resources, but also simply because we are not used to it. First of all, in the curriculum of neuropsychologists in the Netherlands, the integration of different purposes is not consistently made. Clinical care and research are artificially separated in different stages of the education system and only in a very late stadium reunited. By combining clinical and research topics consequently in all stages of the neuropsychological educational program, neuropsychologists will be automatically more willing to integrate aspects of clinical care and research. Furthermore, in the broad profession of neuropsychology, some neuropsychologists are still working in isolation. This may have several drawbacks. The diagnosis and treatment procedures are viewed as fragmented and the results of the neuropsychological examination are therefore not always optimally used. Furthermore, interesting cases for research will be missed because neuropsychologists working in clinical settings are not in contact with those who are participating in research. Short lines between hospitals, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes and research institutes will be helpful in combining the different purposes. Finally, standards of evidence-based methods can be illustrative in combining research and clinical care (and integrating the four purposes described by Lezak). This thesis makes neuropsychologists more aware of the different purposes of a neuropsychological examination. Being aware of these different purposes can be helpful in looking outside the standard boundaries of your profession. As a result neuropsychology will rise to a higher level
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