1,720,975 research outputs found
Rapportering og formidling av risiko.Surveyeksperiment om hvordan absolutte og relative mål oppfattes
No full textI rapportering av forskningsresultater om hva som påvirker faren for negative hendelser, som å bli rammet av alvorlig sykdom, er det vanlig å bruke mål for relativ økning i risiko. De gir langt større tallverdier enn de tilsvarende tallene for absolutte forskjeller i risiko når det dreier seg om fenomener med lave forekomster. Bruken av relative mål er trolig enda mer dominerende i medienes formidling av slike forskningsresultater. Spørsmålet er om bruken av relative mål påvirker publikums oppfatning av risikoen forbundet med atferd som ifølge forskning øker faren for negative utfall. I artikkelen undersøker jeg dette ved hjelp av surveyeksperimenter om to ulike former for kreft, supplert med analyser av tidsseriedata. Resultatene viser at det har en betydning, men mer beskjeden enn forventet, for respondentenes bekymring om risiko angis som en relativ eller absolutt forskjell. Et annet funn er at bekymringen knyttet til solariebruk og hudkreft er langt større enn bekymringen for spising av rødt kjøtt og tarmkreft, i strid med opplysningene respondentene fikk om absolutt risiko. Mulige forklaringer er at risikoinformasjonen er vanskelig å forstå og derfor overstyres av forhåndsoppfatninger dannet på bakgrunn av medieomtalen av kreftformene og av respondentenes holdninger og atferd
'Margin Insensitivity' and the Analysis of Educational Inequality
Full text linkA problem in educational attainment research is that measures of association, and not measures of inequality, have been used to observe inequality in the distribution of higher education between classes. While the statistical association between class and education in many countries has been relatively stable, measures of inequality applied to the same data show a marked reduction of inequality in the distribution of higher education over time. This is a result of reduced bias in the allocation mechanisms, most likely facilitated by the increasing provision of higher education. Decreasing inequality means that the conclusion in the literature that egalitarian educational reforms have been ineffective lacks empirical support. One reason why measures of inequality have been overlooked in most educational attainment research may be the firm but unfounded belief in the 'margin insensitivity' of loglinear measures. They are assumed to capture the association net of changes in the marginals of the class-by-education table, thus reflecting the 'true nature' of the allocation mechanism in recruitment to higher education. This notion can be shown to be a logically untenable deduction from the property of loglinear measures of being insensitive in relation to one specific kind of change in the marginals, to the claim that these measures are insensitive to marginal changes in general
Ja-siing som problem i intervjuundersøkelser
No full textEn mye brukt spørsmålsform i intervjuundersøkelser er påstander som respondenten skal si seg enig eller uenig i. Det er imidlertid et problem, kalt ja-siing, knyttet til denne spørsmålstypen som mange ikke synes å være klar over. I den senere tid har faren for ja-siing skapt debatt om hva resultatene av meningsmålinger egentlig forteller om opinionen. Et eksempel er en undersøkelse av folks oppfatninger om forskning, der negativt formulerte påstander ga et inntrykk av lav tiltro som det ble hevdet var misvisende (Hellevik, 2017). Et annet eksempel er en omdiskutert tolking av svarene på en påstand om intelligensforskjeller mellom folkegrupper, som ble sett som tegn på rasistiske holdninger (Hellevik, 2019a; 2019b). Når medier offentliggjør meningsmålinger om politiske stridsspørsmål, er det ikke uvanlig at disse består av en enkelt påstand de intervjuede skal si seg enig eller uenig i. Ja-siing kan da resultere i et skjevt bilde av opinionen
More active and less fit: changes in physical activity in the adult Norwegian population from 1985 to 2011
No full textThe article describes central aspects of the development of physical activity during leisure time of Norwegian adults, 15 years and above, for the period 1985–2011. The data in the article are from the Norwegian Monitor, which is a series of large surveys with a sample size increasing from 2200 in the first wave in 1985 to around 4000 in the last eight, carried out biannually by Ipsos Markeds og Mediainstituttet. The results show a substantial increase in physical activity from 1985 to 2011. A cohort analysis showed that the increase is largely due to period effects rather generational replacement. Bivariate and multiple regressions revealed that, in addition to social background variables, there was a positive influence on activity levels by variables such as satisfaction with own health and own body, and a BMI below 27
Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Norway. A Survey Analysis of Prevalence, Trends and Possible Causes of Negative Attitudes towards Jews and Muslims
No full textThe aim of the chapter is to establish how widespread negative attitudes towards Jews and Muslims are among the Norwegian population, and to look for factors that may stimulate such attitudes, through an analysis of the two representative population surveys conducted by The Norwegian Center for Holocaust and Minority Studies in 2011 and 2017.
Attitudes towards Jews are measured by indices of prejudice, dislike, social distance, and a summary index of antisemitism. Islamophobia is measured by a corresponding set of indices in 2017. The level of negative attitudes towards Jews is low and declining for all indices. Negative attitudes towards Muslims are more widespread. Women, younger people and those with higher education have a lower level of negative attitudes towards the two minorities. Opinion on the Middle East conflict affects antisemitism and Islamophobia in opposite directions, while both are strongly influenced by xenophobia. Negative attitudes towards the two minorities tend to coexist in individuals
More active and less fit: changes in physical activity in the adult Norwegian population from 1985 to 2011
Full text linkI Brage finner du siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.tandfonline.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.790898 / In Brage you'll find the final text version of the article, and it may contain insignificant differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at www.tandfonline.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.790898The article describes central aspects of the development of physical activity during leisure time of Norwegian adults, 15 years and above, for the period 1985–2011. The data in the article are from the Norwegian Monitor, which is a series of large surveys with a sample size increasing from 2200 in the first wave in 1985 to around 4000 in the last eight, carried out biannually by Ipsos Markeds og Mediainstituttet. The results show a substantial increase in physical activity from 1985 to 2011. A cohort analysis showed that the increase is largely due to period effects rather generational replacement. Bivariate and multiple regressions revealed that, in addition to social background variables, there was a positive influence on activity levels by variables such as satisfaction with own health and own body, and a BMI below 27.Seksjon for kultur og samfunn / Department for Cultural and Social Studie
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