1,721,088 research outputs found
Protection de l'eau et agriculture : une négociation au long cours
No full textContrainte par l'Union européenne à renforcer ses mesures de protection des ressources naturelles en eau, la France comporte quelques exemple de réussite en la matière. Ainsi en est-il du cas de Lons-le-Saunier, précurseur en matière de protection préventive de la qualité de l'eau. Notre étude a porté sur le processus de négociation entre les autorités publiques locales et les agriculteurs, analysé sur le temps long, en intégrant les dynamiques professionnelles agricoles. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle central des élus lédoniens qui, tout en ayant choisi la voie de la concertation, mobilisent ponctuellement les outils réglementaires pour contraindre les agriculteurs. L'engagement de ces derniers dans la protection de la ressource s'explique également par les bénéfices matériels et symboliques qu'ils en ont obtenus sur le plan professionnel.The French State is accused by the European Union of failing to protect its natural water resources. Yet there are many examples of water protection success. Lons-le-Saunier is one sych example where the town council implements preventive actions to preserve drinking water quality. Our paper analyses the negociation process between the town council and the farmers. We conducted a long-term study which integrated the professional dynamics of farmers. Thirty people were interviewed in order to understand their mutual relationships and their own representation of the environmental problem and of the solution adopted Three more or less conflicting priods were detected. In the first period contracts to alter farming practices were signed between the town council and the farmers. In the second period these contracts were renewed by tacit agreement. The third period was characterized by a growing complexity of regulations and the intervention of an increasing number of state stakeholders. In all, this environmental policy remains original and precursory. Yet, contrary to what is currently reported in the media organic farming does not serve water quality today in this particular area. The role played by the town council must be underlined here. They chose a dialogue approach but sometimes used regulatory tools to oblige farmers to take part in the negotiation. The farmers' commitment to natural resources protection may be explained by the material and symbolic benefits they obtained
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Des éleveurs usagers ou clients ? Un débat autour du service de l'insémination bovine
No full textNational audienceThe 1966 statute on livestock farming gave insemination co-operatives a nationwide monopoly to enable them to carry out their mission of improving the gene pool of French cattle farms. But under European deregulation policies the sector is now opening up to competition, transforming the relationship between co-operatives and farmers. Now that farmers can no longer be considered simple users of the public-sector insemination service, just who exactly are they? Are they customers like in any other business? This paper seeks to show how livestock farmers are being re-characterized now that the usual referents seem unsatisfactory. Behind the difficulties met by the various actors in insemination co-operatives lies the sheer diversity of livestock farmers that precludes any simple categorization.La loi sur l'élevage de 1966 a conféré aux coopératives d'insémination un monopole territorial, pour leur permettre d'assurer au mieux leur mission d'amélioration génétique des élevages bovins français. Mais sous l'effet des politiques européennes de déréglementation, le secteur de l'insémination bovine s'ouvre maintenant à la concurrence, ce qui modifie profondément la nature du lien entre les coopératives et les éleveurs. A partir du moment où les éleveurs ne peuvent plus être considérés comme de simples usagers du « service public » de l'insémination, qui sont-ils désormais ? Seraient-ils devenus des clients comme les autres ? Nous voulons montrer comment le travail de requalification des éleveurs s'opère, alors que les référents usuels n'apparaissent plus satisfaisants. Derrière ces difficultés rencontrées par les différents acteurs des coopératives d'insémination, il faut voir la grande diversité des éleveurs, qui ne se laisse pas facilement saisir et appréhender dans des catégorisations
La récupération de la rhétorique professionnelle par le management et ses conséquences pour les salariés. L'exemple des inséminateurs dans les coopératives d'élevage
No full textA partir de l'exemple du métier d'inséminateur de bovins, la communication rend compte de la diffusion des normes managériales dans des coopératives agricoles, dans le but de discuter des marges d'autonomie dont disposent les salariés pour détourner ces normes
Revenir sur l'exemplarité de Vittel : formes et détours de l'écologisation d'un territoire agricole
No full textNational audienceOur aim in this paper is to assess the effects of water quality proctection policy on agriculture. We focus on the case of Vittel (France) which is seen as an example by scientists and policy makers. Since the beginning of the nineties, a food-processing company has engaged different actions to stop nitrate pollution on the catchment area of Vittel-Contrex, in order to maintain the production of mineral water. Their main actions have been to buy agricultural land, on the one hand, and to contact with farmers which are volunteer to adopt environment-friendly practices, on the other. We made a sociological survey, based on comprehensive interviews, to analyze the firm's strategy of land purchase and its impacts on local agriculture. We put our attention on farmers' professional dynamics on this territory. To conclude, we underline the limits of industrial stakeholders' intervention on the ecologization of agriculture.Dans cet article, nous proposons d'étudier l'impact de mesures de proctection de la qualité de l'eau sur l'agriculture, en revenant sur un cas célèbre, celui de Vittel (Vosges, France). Sur l'impluvium de Vittel-Contrex, dès le début des années 1990, l'entreprise agroalimentaire qui exploite les sources d'eau minérale a mis en place un dispositif de maîtrise des pollutions d'origine agricole, articulant acquisitions foncières et contractualisations avec des agriculteurs volontaires. Notre enquête, de type compréhensive, s'est attachée à analyser les jeux fonciers qui ont eu lieu, et qui ont été à l'origine de nombreux conflits, ainsi qu'à caractériser l'évolution de l'agriculture sur ce territoire, en nous intéressant aux dynamiques professionnelles agricoles qui y prennent place. En conclusion, nous discutons des limites de l'intervention croissante des acteurs industriels dans le processus d'écologisation de l'agriculture
Conseillers et éleveurs en agriculture biologique
No full textDossier : La bio à la croisée des cheminsConseillers et éleveurs en agriculture biologiqu
Le métier d’inséminateur bovin face à la libéralisation du secteur de l’insémination : "pousses-paillettes" ou spécialiste de la reproduction dans les élevages ?
No full textNational audienc
- …
