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Voice problems of kindergarten teachers in Greece
No full textAim The study of voice problems in kindergarten teachers in Heraklion, Crete. Methodology In the study for the translation and the cultural adaptation of the VHI from English into Greek 67 subjects with voice problems participated. The control group consisted of 79 subjects without voice problems. Then, the Greek VHI and the “Professional Voice Profile” were given to a sample of 200 kindergarten teachers in Heraklion, Crete, of which 151 were filled in (75,5%). For the control group 102 nurses were used, who served at various Departments at the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete. In addition, noise measurements were carried out in kindergartens in Heraklion, Crete in order to examine the level of noise in the classrooms. The collection of data took place between May 2007 and June 2008. The study was approved by the Ethics and Deontology Committee of the Medical School of the University of Crete, Greece. Results The Greek translation of the VHI is a valid and reliable assessment of patients’ self-perception of voice handicap. In this study, a control group and a voice-disordered group demonstrated that the Greek VHI significantly discriminated between the two groups of subjects. The results showed that kindergarten teachers had higher VHI scores in the physical and the emotional subscales, as well as, in the total sum of the VHI as compared to nurses. There is a difference in certain factors that may be responsible for the appearance of voice problems in kindergarten teachers and in nurses. Regarding kindergarten teachers these factors are more related to voice use, whereas for the nurses they are more related to vocal hygiene. The risk factors that affect the voice of kindergarten teachers are direct and indirect. The direct factors are loud voice and the time spent on the phone daily. The indirect factors are reflux, infections of the upper respiratory tract, and lack of adequate hydration. The time spent on the phone daily, reflux and infections of the upper respiratory tract were also found to affect the voice of nurses. Conclusions Application of the Greek VHI provides an additional valid tool for the clinician to understand the manner in which patients perceive their voice problem. Further work with the Greek VHI may show that this assessment tool can provide valid and reliable outcome data when used before and after treatments. According to the Greek VHI, kindergarten teachers present more self-reported voice problems as compared to nurses. Kindergarten teachers use their voice more intensely at work as compared to nurses. Apart from loud voice use by kindergarten teachers that contributed to voice problems, additional risk factors were lack of adequate hydration, reflux and infections of the upper respiratory tract.Σκοπός Η μελέτη ύπαρξης προβλημάτων φωνής σε νηπιαγωγούς στο Ηράκλειο Κρήτης. Μεθοδολογία Στη μελέτη για τη μετάφραση και την πολιτισμική προσαρμογή του VHI από την Αγγλική γλώσσα στην Ελληνική έλαβαν μέρος 67 άτομα με προβλήματα φωνής. Την ομάδα ελέγχου απετέλεσαν 79 άτομα χωρίς προβλήματα φωνής. Στη συνέχεια, ο προσαρμοσμένος στην Ελληνική γλώσσα «Δείκτης Φωνητικής Δυσχέρειας» (VHI) και το «Προφίλ Επαγγελματικής Φωνής» δόθηκαν σε δείγμα 200 νηπιαγωγών σε νηπιαγωγεία του Ηρακλείου Κρήτης, εκ των οποίων συμπληρώθηκαν τα 151 (75,5%), ενώ για την ομάδα ελέγχου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν 102 νοσηλευτές/νοσηλεύτριες που υπηρετούσαν σε διάφορα τμήματα του Πανεπιστημιακού Νοσοκομείου Ηρακλείου Κρήτης. Επίσης, έγιναν μετρήσεις θορύβου σε νηπιαγωγεία του Ηρακλείου Κρήτης για να εξεταστεί η ένταση του θορύβου μέσα στις τάξεις. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε από το Μάιο του 2007 έως και τον Ιούνιο του 2008. Την όλη μελέτη ενέκρινε η Επιτροπή Ηθικής και Δεοντολογίας της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης. Αποτελέσματα Η Ελληνική μετάφραση του VHI είναι μια έγκυρη και αξιόπιστη εκτίμηση της αντίληψης που έχουν οι ίδιοι οι ασθενείς για τη διαταραχή της φωνής τους. Στη μελέτη αυτή το ελληνικό VHI έδειξε ότι υπάρχουν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ της ομάδας διαταραχών φωνής και της ομάδας ελέγχου. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι νηπιαγωγοί είχαν υψηλότερη βαθμολογία στις δύο υποκλίμακες του VHI, τη φυσική (VHI 11-20) και τη συναισθηματική (VHI 21-30), καθώς επίσης και στη συνολική βαθμολογία (VHI 1-30) σε σχέση με τους νοσηλευτές/ νοσηλεύτριες. Υπάρχει διαφοροποίηση σε ορισμένους παράγοντες που μπορεί να είναι υπεύθυνοι για την εμφάνιση προβλημάτων φωνής στους νηπιαγωγούς και στους νοσηλευτές/νοσηλεύτριες. Οι παράγοντες αυτοί για τους νηπιαγωγούς έχουν σχέση περισσότερο με τη χρήση φωνής ενώ για τους νοσηλευτές/νοσηλεύτριες έχουν σχέση περισσότερο με την υγιεινή της φωνής. Οι παράγοντες κινδύνου που επηρεάζουν τη φωνή των νηπιαγωγών είναι άμεσοι και έμμεσοι. Άμεσοι παράγοντες είναι η δυνατή φωνή και ο καθημερινός χρόνος ομιλίας στο τηλέφωνο. Έμμεσοι παράγοντες είναι η παλινδρόμηση, οι φλεγμονές του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού συστήματος και η έλλειψη επαρκούς ενυδάτωσης. Ο καθημερινός χρόνος ομιλίας στο τηλέφωνο, η παλινδρόμηση και οι φλεγμονές του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού συστήματος βρέθηκαν επίσης να επηρεάζουν τη φωνή των νοσηλευτών/νοσηλευτριών. Συμπεράσματα Η εφαρμογή του VHI στην Ελληνική γλώσσα παρέχει ένα πρόσθετο έγκυρο εργαλείο στον κλινικό για να μπορέσει να καταλάβει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι ασθενείς αντιλαμβάνονται το πρόβλημα της φωνής τους. Περαιτέρω χρήση του «Δείκτη Φωνητικής Δυσχέρειας» (VHI) είναι δυνατόν να παρέχει έγκυρα και αξιόπιστα δεδομένα για την έκβαση μιας θεραπείας, όταν χρησιμοποιείται πριν και μετά τη θεραπεία. Σύμφωνα με τον προσαρμοσμένο στην Ελληνική Γλώσσα «Δείκτη Φωνητικής Δυσχέρειας» (VHI), οι νηπιαγωγοί παρουσιάζουν περισσότερα προβλήματα φωνής σε σχέση με τους νοσηλευτές/νοσηλεύτριες, όπως αναφέρουν οι ίδιοι. Οι νηπιαγωγοί χρησιμοποιούν τη φωνή τους πιο έντονα στον εργασιακό τους χώρο σε σχέση με τους νοσηλευτές/νοσηλεύτριες. Για την ύπαρξη προβλημάτων φωνής στους νηπιαγωγούς επιβαρυντικό ρόλο παίζουν εκτός από τη δυνατή ένταση της φωνής και παράγοντες κινδύνου όπως η έλλειψη επαρκούς ενυδάτωσης, η παλινδρόμηση και οι φλεγμονές του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού συστήματος
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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