1,721,283 research outputs found
Cardiometabolic risks in polycystic ovary syndrome: non-traditional risk factors and the impact of obesity
No full textAbstract not availableWei-Ling Chiu, Jacqueline Boyle, Amanda Vincent, Helena Teede, Lisa J. Mora
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evaluation and implementation of obesity prevention programs
No full textPreventing obesity is an international health priority. However, few prevention programs have been conducted and of those very few have included a formal comprehensive community evaluation. This thesis describes the design of a multi-level evaluation with application to a large weight gain prevention program, which aims to prevent weight gain in women living in rural Victorian communities. The embedded mixed-methods evaluation was guided by the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance), generating new knowledge in program implementation practices and processes, across stakeholders, researchers and consumers. This thesis advances knowledge through the identification of strategies to optimise prevention program implementation and informs scale-up to improve population health outcomes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Insulin resistance in reproductive aged women
No full textOverweight and obesity rates are consistently increasing worldwide. Many countries, including Australia report higher increases in obesity rates in women compared to men. In particular, weight gain in younger, reproductive aged women is escalating. Obesity, being an insulin resistant state, has serious health consequences. Traditionally, the focus has been on type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older individuals. However, in women of reproductive age, adverse lifestyle, obesity and insulin resistance has significant reproductive health implications that often occur well before type II diabetes. These include polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. With high rates of weight gain and clear complications, young women present an important target group for intervention strategies. Insulin resistance is challenging to assess and relevant literature and novel new methods are explored early in the thesis. I then aimed to explore the role of lifestyle change and increased physical activity in two groups of overweight reproductive aged women with insulin resistance; women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and pregnant women at high risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). As lifestyle improvement including exercise is highly effective in alleviating insulin resistance in other high risk groups, the studies presented in this thesis have a focus on promoting and evaluating healthy lifestyle and physical activity as a primary theme. I performed an extensive systematic literature review which highlighted research gaps and set the context for our intervention study in PCOS. In a comprehensive mechanistic study in overweight women with and without PCOS, intensified exercise training was evaluated without specified dietary prescription over 12 weeks. I assessed the effects on the key outcome measures; insulin resistance and body composition. This comprehensive study demonstrated worsened insulin resistance in PCOS women compared to non-PCOS control women. Following exercise, insulin resistance improved in both groups without change in weight suggesting the value of exercise in PCOS exceeds its impact on weight alone. Reproductive function also improved with exercise in PCOS women. Women with PCOS showed reduced visceral fat following exercise which is linked to insulin resistance; with no change in the control group. Despite reduced levels of visceral fat and improved insulin resistance, women with PCOS still had greater insulin resistance following exercise in comparison to controls. This study advanced the understanding of insulin resistance in PCOS but also highlighted the need to further mechanistically explore intrinsic insulin signalling defects in PCOS and evaluate the role of exercise in PCOS. In a large randomised controlled public health trial with overweight and obese pregnant women at risk for GDM, a healthy lifestyle program promoting increased physical activity, behaviour change and simple key messages related to improving diet was applied from early pregnancy to six weeks postpartum to assess key outcome measures including gestational weight gain, GDM incidence and physical activity levels. Pregnant women at increased risk for GDM were identified by the development and implementation of a risk screening tool. This Healthy Lifestyle Program (HeLP-her) in pregnancy study is modified from a previously successful intervention in mothers of school children developed by my supervisors and is set in a hospital setting. We have successfully recruited over 200 women (May 2008 – Oct 2010), with 166 of these having completed final data collection. The study is currently ongoing however interim results are presented in this thesis. I have investigated optimal measurement of physical activity in pregnancy, confirming the accuracy of pedometers in this setting. In the setting of a randomised controlled trial with the results of intervention still to be revealed, I have evaluated key lifestyle behaviours in women during pregnancy in the control group not receiving the intervention; drawing on key characteristics of women recruited for this study, describing early pregnancy weight gain, early pregnancy health behaviours and GDM incidence. Results to date demonstrate excess weight gain, a high GDM prevalence and sedentarism in early- to mid- pregnancy, highlighting the urgent need for lifestyle intervention in this high-risk group. The studies presented in this thesis add significantly to the literature, in young, insulin resistant women. The findings provide further evidence that lifestyle change incorporating increased physical activity is important for targeting insulin resistance, particularly in overweight women with PCOS. Final results are pending for lifestyle intervention in women at risk for GDM; however results to date demonstrate increased weight gain in early pregnancy and development of adverse health as evident by a high GDM incidence, mandating increased public health action towards improving lifestyle in this high-risk group. I have successfully finalised recruitment and await the results from the GDM intervention trial which will allow future clarification of the role of lifestyle change in overweight and obese insulin resistant pregnancies. Our group is building on the work presented in this thesis and has successfully obtained NHMRC funding to extend the intensified exercise training program in PCOS women to explore the effects in lean PCOS women. Additionally, we have also adapted the healthy lifestyles program to other populations at-risk, including women with PCOS, those with diabetes and high-risk ethnic subgroups. The findings presented in this thesis have made a significant contribution to women’s health, in settings where insulin resistance is present, creating an evidence base for the importance of lifestyle change in insulin resistant, reproductive aged women
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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