1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Occupational immediate sensitization to chemicals : with special reference to diagnostic skin tests and contact urticaria
Get PDFThe aim of this thesis was to assess the diagnostic procedures of occupational immediate allergic diseases and evaluate the feasibility of skin tests. Occupational contact urticaria was given particular attention. The concomitant occurrence of immediate allergic skin and airway diseases was also investigated.
The study was based on a retrospective review of the patient material of the occupational medicine clinic at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for the period 1.1.1990–31.5.2011.
Positive skin prick tests were noted for organic acid anhydrides, isocyanates, epoxy resins, persulfates, chloramine T, chlorhexidine, and aziridine. Amine hardeners, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, paraphenylene-diamine, methacrylates and colophonium all induced sporadic, small prick test reactions with doubtful clinical relevance. Ethanolamines, pyrocatechol, ammonium thioglycolate and glyoxal did not induce any positive prick test reactions during the study period.
Of the 291 diagnoses of immediate allergic skin diseases, contact urticaria was diagnosed in 232 cases and protein contact dermatitis in 59 cases. Flour, grains and animal feed were the most common cause, followed by cow dander and natural rubber latex. Exposure to chemicals was the cause of contact urticaria in 14% of the patients. A concomitant airway disease caused by the same work-related agent was diagnosed in 46% of the patients with contact urticaria or protein contact dermatitis.
Conclusions: Diagnostics of immediate allergic diseases induced by the occupational environment are challenging and there is a strong need for standardized allergen extracts, established test methods and confirmed guidelines for diagnostics.
IgE-mediated sensitization seems to play a significant role in the development of occupational allergic diseases for a selected group of chemicals, and for these chemicals skin prick tests can be of substantial value in the diagnostics. The results should still be interpreted cautiously, and data on exposure, clinical symptoms and results in other clinical tests should be taken into account. For a considerable amount of chemicals, the role of specific IgE in the development of allergic symptoms remains uncertain, and the value of skin prick testing in the diagnostics is limited.
Early identification of potential immediate sensitizers in the workplace is important to prevent long-lasting health effects and loss of work ability. Immediate sensitization to chemicals can be prevented by substituting harmful agents, using appropriate working methods and adequate protective equipment, and educating workers. Concurrent allergic airway diseases are quite common in patients with immediate allergic skin diseases, and preventive measures should comprise both skin and airway protection.Väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena oli arvioida työperäisten välittömien allergisten sairauksien diagnostisia käytäntöjä ja ihopistokokeiden soveltuvuutta diagnostiikassa. Kosketusurtikariaan kohdistettiin erityistä huomiota ja lisäksi tutkimme välittömien allergisten iho- ja hengitystiesairauksien samanaikaista esiintymistä.
Tutkimus perustui Työterveyslaitoksen työlääketieteen klinikan potilasaineistoon ajanjaksolta 1.1.1990–31.5.2011. Tutkimusjakson aikana positiivisia ihopistokokeita todettiin orgaanisille happoanhydrideille, isosyanaateille, epoksiresiineille, persulfaateille, Kloramin T:lle, klooriheksidiinille ja atsiridiinille. Amiinikovetteet, formaldehydi, glutaraldehydi, parafenyleenidiamiini, metakrylaatit ja kolofoni aiheuttivat satunnaisia, pieniä ihopistokoereaktioita, joiden kliininen merkitys jäi epävarmaksi. Etanoliamiinit, pyrokatekoli, ammoniumtioglykolaatti ja glyoksaali eivät aiheuttaneet positiivisia ihopistokoereaktioita.
Kaikista 291 tutkittavista, joilla oli todettu välitön, allerginen ihosairaus, kosketusurtikaria todettiin 232 henkilöllä ja proteiinikosketusihottuma 59 henkilöllä. Jauhot, jyvät ja rehut olivat yleisin aiheuttaja, ennen lehmän hilsettä ja luonnonkumia. Altistuminen kemikaaleille aiheutti työperäisen kosketusurtikarian 41 henkilölle.
Samanaikainen hengitystiesairaus saman työperäisen altisteen aiheuttamana todettiin 46 %:lla tutkittavista.
Johtopäätökset: Välittömien työperäisten allergisten sairauksien diagnostiikka on vaativaa ja standardoiduille allergeeniuutteille, vakiintuneille testausmenetelmille ja yleisesti hyväksytyille toimintaohjeille on selkeä tarve.
IgE-välitteinen herkistyminen vaikuttaa olevan merkittävässä roolissa välittömien allergisten ammattitautien kehittymisessä valikoituneissa kemikaaliryhmissä, jolloin ihopistokokeista voi olla ratkaisevaa hyötyä. Tuloksia tulee kuitenkin tulkita varovasti, huomioiden myös altistumistieto, kliiniset oireet ja muiden tutkimusten tulokset. Monen kemikaalin kohdalla spesifin IgE:n rooli allergisten oireiden kehittymisessä jää edelleen epäselväksi ja ihopistokokeista saatava hyöty diagnostiikassa on rajallinen.
Potentiaalisten herkistäjien varhainen tunnistaminen on tärkeää pitkäaikaisten terveysvaikutusten ja työkyvyn menettämisen ehkäisemiseksi. Välitön herkistyminen kemikaaleille on ehkäistävissä korvaamalla haitalliset aineet turvallisemmilla, asianmukaisilla työmenetelmillä ja suojavarusteilla ja kouluttamalla työntekijöitä. Samanaikaiset allergiset hengitystiesairaudet ovat varsin yleisiä potilailla, joilla todetaan välitön allerginen ihosairaus ja ennaltaehkäisevien toimenpiteiden tulisi käsittää sekä ihon että hengitysteiden suojaamisen.ei saavutettav
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
