197,108 research outputs found
A review of "Design for manufacturability: A systems approach to concurrent engineering and ergonomics" edited by M. Helander and N. Nagamachi
No full textA review of "Design for manufacturability: A systems approach to concurrent engineering and ergonomics" edited by M. Helander and N. Nagamach
Viral etiology and cytokine responses of infections leading to febrile seizures
No full textAbstract
The exact pathomechanism of febrile seizures (FSs) is unknown but it is thought to involve host-related and pathogen-related factors. Most of the episodes occur during respiratory viral infections. Virus-induced cytokine release is thought to play a central role in the pathomechanism, because cytokines can induce hyperexcitability which can lead to seizures.
In a cohort study of 1899 pediatric emergency room (ER) patients from January 2013 to September 2017, we compared the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with FSs, divided in age-stratified groups with that in other ER patients. We found that coronaviruses OC43, 229E and NL63 and influenza A and B caused relatively more FS-related ER-visits than other respiratory viruses. In an embedded case-control study, we found that the febrile response in children with FSs remained stronger during inpatient care than that in the age- and respiratory virus-matched controls.
In our controlled follow-up study, we compared the levels of 12 serum cytokines following the patients’ first FSs, during febrile episodes without FSs, following recurrent FSs and during healthy periods, as well as between children with FSs and control group. 251 children with first FSs participated in the study, of which 17 children with recurrent FSs completed the study protocol. Serum cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) was higher in children with FSs following the first FSs than during febrile episodes without FSs and healthy periods in the same individuals. IL-1RA was also higher in patients with FSs following first and recurrent FSs compared with febrile controls. There was no difference in the IL-1RA between the febrile episodes without FSs and febrile controls.
Finally, we studied serum cytokine high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in a controlled follow-up study with 122 children with FSs, including 18 children who had recurrent seizures and completed the study protocol. HMGB1 was lower in children with recurrent FSs following first FSs compared with febrile control children matched by age and sex. We did not find any other differences between the groups nor different types of FSs. In our update of a previous meta-analysis of HMGB1 the differences were only significant in studies conducted in East Asian populations.
The pathomechanism of FSs involves modifiable pathogen-related and host-related factors. Original papers Hautala, M., Arvila, J., Pokka, T., Mikkonen, K., Koskela, U., Helander, H., Glumoff, V., Rantala, H., & Tapiainen, T. (2021). Respiratory viruses and febrile response in children with febrile seizures: A cohort study and embedded case-control study. Seizure, 84, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.007 Hautala, M. K., Helander, H. M., Pokka, T. M.-L., Koskela, U. V., Rantala, H. M. J., Uhari, M. K., Korkiamäki, T. J., Glumoff, V., & Mikkonen, K. H. (2023). Recurrent febrile seizures and serum cytokines: A controlled follow-up study. Pediatric Research, 93(6), 1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02282-7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02282-7 Self-archived version Hautala, M. K., Mikkonen, K. H., Pokka, T. M. L., Rannikko, S. K., Koskela, U. V., Rantala, H. M. J., Uhari, M. K., Glumoff, V., & Helander, H. M. (2024). Serum HMGB1 in febrile seizures. Epilepsy Research, 203, 107381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107381 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107381 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
Kuumekouristusten tarkka syntymekanismi on tuntematon. Sen ajatellaan sisältävän yksilönsisäisiä ja ulkoisia tekijöitä. Suurin osa kuumekouristuksista tapahtuu virusperäisen hengitystieinfektion aikana. Virus voi aiheuttaa sytokiinivasteen, jonka aiheuttama hermosolujen yliviritystila voi laukaista kouristuksen.
Kohorttitutkimuksemme sisälsi 1899 lastentautien päivystyksessä hoidettua potilasta tammikuusta 2013 syyskuuhun 2017. Tutkimuksessa vertailtiin hengitystievirusten jakaumia kuumekouristajilla ja muilla päivystyspotilailla ikäryhmittäin. Koronavirukset OC43, 229E ja NL63 sekä influenssa A ja B aiheuttivat muita hengitystieviruksia suhteellisesti enemmän kuumekouristukseen liittyviä päivystyskäyntejä. Lisäksi havaitsimme tutkimuksen tapaus-verrokki-osiossa, että kuumekouristajien kuumevaste säilyi sairaalahoidon aikana korkeampana kuin ikä- ja virusvakioiduilla verrokeilla.
Kontrolloidussa seurantatutkimuksessa vertailtiin 12 sytokiinin seerumipitoisuuksia kuumekouristajilla ensikouristuksen jälkeen, kuume-episodissa, johon ei liittynyt kouristusta, uudelleenkouristuksen jälkeen ja lapsen ollessa terve. Vertailimme myös kuumekouristajia verrokkiryhmään. Tutkimukseen osallistui 251 kuumekouristajaa, joista 17 uudelleenkouristajaa kävi kaikki seurantakäynnit. Seerumin sytokiineista interleukiini-1-reseptoriantagonistin (IL-1RA) taso oli korkeampi kuumekouristajilla ensikouristuksen jälkeen kuin kuume-episodeissa, joihin ei liittynyt kouristusta tai lapsen ollessa terve. IL-1RA-taso oli korkeampi sekä ensimmäisten että uusivien kuumekouristusten jälkeen verrattaessa verrokkiryhmään. Kuume-episodeissa, joihin ei liittynyt kouristuksia, eroa ei löytynyt.
Viimeiseksi tutkimme seerumin sytokiinin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) -pitoisuuksia kuumekouristajilla. Kontrolloituun seurantatutkimukseen osallistui 122 ensikouristajaa, joista 18 uudelleenkouristajaa kävi kaikki seurantakäynnit. HMGB1 oli matalampi uudelleenkouristajilla ensikouristuksen jälkeen verrattaessa arvoja verrokkiryhmään. Muita eroja ryhmien välillä ei ollut. HMGB1-taso ei vaihdellut erityyppisissä kuumekouristuksissa. Täydensimme aiemman meta-analyysin tuloksillamme, jolloin kävi ilmi, että merkitseviä eroja oli ainoastaan aasialaisissa populaatioissa tehdyissä tutkimuksissa.
Kuumekouristusten syntymekanismi sisältää muokkauskelpoisia taudinaiheuttajaan liittyviä ja yksilönsisäisiä tekijöitä. Osajulkaisut Hautala, M., Arvila, J., Pokka, T., Mikkonen, K., Koskela, U., Helander, H., Glumoff, V., Rantala, H., & Tapiainen, T. (2021). Respiratory viruses and febrile response in children with febrile seizures: A cohort study and embedded case-control study. Seizure, 84, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.007 Hautala, M. K., Helander, H. M., Pokka, T. M.-L., Koskela, U. V., Rantala, H. M. J., Uhari, M. K., Korkiamäki, T. J., Glumoff, V., & Mikkonen, K. H. (2023). Recurrent febrile seizures and serum cytokines: A controlled follow-up study. Pediatric Research, 93(6), 1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02282-7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02282-7 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Hautala, M. K., Mikkonen, K. H., Pokka, T. M. L., Rannikko, S. K., Koskela, U. V., Rantala, H. M. J., Uhari, M. K., Glumoff, V., & Helander, H. M. (2024). Serum HMGB1 in febrile seizures. Epilepsy Research, 203, 107381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107381 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107381 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in Auditorium F101 of the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (Aapistie 7), on 22 November 2024, at 12 noonAbstract
The exact pathomechanism of febrile seizures (FSs) is unknown but it is thought to involve host-related and pathogen-related factors. Most of the episodes occur during respiratory viral infections. Virus-induced cytokine release is thought to play a central role in the pathomechanism, because cytokines can induce hyperexcitability which can lead to seizures.
In a cohort study of 1899 pediatric emergency room (ER) patients from January 2013 to September 2017, we compared the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with FSs, divided in age-stratified groups with that in other ER patients. We found that coronaviruses OC43, 229E and NL63 and influenza A and B caused relatively more FS-related ER-visits than other respiratory viruses. In an embedded case-control study, we found that the febrile response in children with FSs remained stronger during inpatient care than that in the age- and respiratory virus-matched controls.
In our controlled follow-up study, we compared the levels of 12 serum cytokines following the patients’ first FSs, during febrile episodes without FSs, following recurrent FSs and during healthy periods, as well as between children with FSs and control group. 251 children with first FSs participated in the study, of which 17 children with recurrent FSs completed the study protocol. Serum cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) was higher in children with FSs following the first FSs than during febrile episodes without FSs and healthy periods in the same individuals. IL-1RA was also higher in patients with FSs following first and recurrent FSs compared with febrile controls. There was no difference in the IL-1RA between the febrile episodes without FSs and febrile controls.
Finally, we studied serum cytokine high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in a controlled follow-up study with 122 children with FSs, including 18 children who had recurrent seizures and completed the study protocol. HMGB1 was lower in children with recurrent FSs following first FSs compared with febrile control children matched by age and sex. We did not find any other differences between the groups nor different types of FSs. In our update of a previous meta-analysis of HMGB1 the differences were only significant in studies conducted in East Asian populations.
The pathomechanism of FSs involves modifiable pathogen-related and host-related factors.Tiivistelmä
Kuumekouristusten tarkka syntymekanismi on tuntematon. Sen ajatellaan sisältävän yksilönsisäisiä ja ulkoisia tekijöitä. Suurin osa kuumekouristuksista tapahtuu virusperäisen hengitystieinfektion aikana. Virus voi aiheuttaa sytokiinivasteen, jonka aiheuttama hermosolujen yliviritystila voi laukaista kouristuksen.
Kohorttitutkimuksemme sisälsi 1899 lastentautien päivystyksessä hoidettua potilasta tammikuusta 2013 syyskuuhun 2017. Tutkimuksessa vertailtiin hengitystievirusten jakaumia kuumekouristajilla ja muilla päivystyspotilailla ikäryhmittäin. Koronavirukset OC43, 229E ja NL63 sekä influenssa A ja B aiheuttivat muita hengitystieviruksia suhteellisesti enemmän kuumekouristukseen liittyviä päivystyskäyntejä. Lisäksi havaitsimme tutkimuksen tapaus-verrokki-osiossa, että kuumekouristajien kuumevaste säilyi sairaalahoidon aikana korkeampana kuin ikä- ja virusvakioiduilla verrokeilla.
Kontrolloidussa seurantatutkimuksessa vertailtiin 12 sytokiinin seerumipitoisuuksia kuumekouristajilla ensikouristuksen jälkeen, kuume-episodissa, johon ei liittynyt kouristusta, uudelleenkouristuksen jälkeen ja lapsen ollessa terve. Vertailimme myös kuumekouristajia verrokkiryhmään. Tutkimukseen osallistui 251 kuumekouristajaa, joista 17 uudelleenkouristajaa kävi kaikki seurantakäynnit. Seerumin sytokiineista interleukiini-1-reseptoriantagonistin (IL-1RA) taso oli korkeampi kuumekouristajilla ensikouristuksen jälkeen kuin kuume-episodeissa, joihin ei liittynyt kouristusta tai lapsen ollessa terve. IL-1RA-taso oli korkeampi sekä ensimmäisten että uusivien kuumekouristusten jälkeen verrattaessa verrokkiryhmään. Kuume-episodeissa, joihin ei liittynyt kouristuksia, eroa ei löytynyt.
Viimeiseksi tutkimme seerumin sytokiinin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) -pitoisuuksia kuumekouristajilla. Kontrolloituun seurantatutkimukseen osallistui 122 ensikouristajaa, joista 18 uudelleenkouristajaa kävi kaikki seurantakäynnit. HMGB1 oli matalampi uudelleenkouristajilla ensikouristuksen jälkeen verrattaessa arvoja verrokkiryhmään. Muita eroja ryhmien välillä ei ollut. HMGB1-taso ei vaihdellut erityyppisissä kuumekouristuksissa. Täydensimme aiemman meta-analyysin tuloksillamme, jolloin kävi ilmi, että merkitseviä eroja oli ainoastaan aasialaisissa populaatioissa tehdyissä tutkimuksissa.
Kuumekouristusten syntymekanismi sisältää muokkauskelpoisia taudinaiheuttajaan liittyviä ja yksilönsisäisiä tekijöitä
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Effects of child CBT and parent management training for children with disruptive behavioral disorders
No full textBackground: An early identification and treatment of children with disruptive behavior disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder is important to prevent further development of psychiatric disorders and antisocial behavior. Parent management training (PMT) is considered an effective treatment and has been evaluated in numerous studies and meta-analyses. However, meta-analyses including randomized clinical trials on the sole effect of PMT on clinical levels of disruptive behavior disorder (i.e., disruptive behavior disorder diagnosis or disruptive behavior above clinical cut-off in validated measures) are lacking. Including the child in or alongside parent directed treatment may possibly increase treatment effects. Child cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) where the child receives training in anger management and problem-solving skills is considered an effective treatment although studies where child CBT is combined with PMT are scarce.Aims: The objective for the present thesis was to evaluate the effects of PMT on clinical levels of disruptive behavior as well as more specifically investigate if there is a difference in effects if the child also participates in or alongside the treatment. Study I aimed at investigating the effect of PMT on clinical levels of disruptive behavior and the differential effects of child involvement in the treatment in a meta-analysis. The aim of Study II and III was to investigate the short- and long-term effectiveness of PMT compared to PMT combined with child CBT in terms of reduced disruptive behavior, increased social skills, improved parent management skills and reduced stress. The aim of Study IV was to investigate the effects of PMT compared to PMT combined with child CBT from a cost-effectiveness perspective.Methods: In Study I, twenty-five randomized controlled studies on PMT effects on clinical levels of disruptive behavior disorder were included in a meta-analysis. Studies comparing PMT with waiting list were synthesized, as were studies where the child was included in the treatment (i.e., Parent Child Interaction Therapy [PCIT] and PMT combined with child cognitive behavioral therapy [child CBT]). In addition, the effects of PMT combined with child CBT was compared directly to PMT alone. In Study II - IV, 120 children with disruptive behavior disorders were randomized to the PMT method Komet or to Komet combined with the child CBT program Coping Power Program (CPP). Assessments were made at baseline, post-treatment (analyzed in Study II) and at one- and two-year follow-up (analyzed in Study III and IV). Moderator analyses were made on child baseline characteristics.Results: Study I, the meta-analysis, showed that both PMT and PCIT were more effective than waiting list in reducing disruptive behavior. PCIT had a larger effect in reducing disruptive behavior than PMT when both were compared to waiting list. Study II showed equally reduced disruptive behavior in PMT and compared with PMT with child CBT. Social skills were significantly more improved in the combined treatment. Moderator analyses showed that PMT with child CBT was more beneficial for children with high levels of ODD problems and high risk for antisocial development in reduced disruptive behavior. In Study III, treatment gains in reduced disruptive behavior were maintained and no difference was detected between both treatment arms at two-year follow-up. The early improvement in the PMT with child CBT condition in social skills was maintained at the two-year follow-up in the measures of emotion regulation- and social communication skills while the PMT condition reached similar improvement during the follow-up period. Study IV used the proportion of children that showed a reliable recovery from ODD which was larger in the combined treatment compared to Komet only. Results showed that if decision makers are willing to pay approximately 62,300 EURO per recovered case of ODD, Komet with CPP yielded positive net benefits, in comparison to Komet only. Sensitivity analysis from a health care perspective where school costs were excluded, a 50 % probability of cost effectiveness was reached at around 10,000 EURO.Conclusions: The meta-analysis (Study I) gives support to treatment recommendations to offer PMT to children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior and highlights the additional benefits of PCIT. Offering PMT and child CBT simultaneously does not yield a significant treatment effect in reduced disruptive behavior compared to PMT only. The effects of adding child CBT to PMT were seen in a faster improvement in emotion regulation and social communication skills, in a larger proportion of recovered cases, and in beneficial effects among children with large behavior problems. Despite the relatively small cost for child CBT, the investment in combining PMT and child CBT should be guided by the severity of child disruptive behavior.List of scientific papersI. Helander, M., Asperholm, M., Wetterborg, D., Öst, L., Hellner, C., Herlitz, A., Enebrink, P. The efficacy of parent management training with or without involving the child in the treatment among children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior: A meta-analysis. [Submitted]II. Helander, M., Lochman, M., Högström, J., Ljótsson, B., Hellner, C., Enebrink, P. (2018). The effect of adding Coping Power Program-Sweden to Parent Management Training-effects and moderators in a randomized controlled trial. Behavior Research and Therapy. Apr;103:43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.02.001 III. Helander, M., Enebrink, P., Hellner, C., Ahlen, J. Long-term effects of adding Coping Power Program-Sweden to Parent Management Training- Two-year follow-up of effects, moderators and reliable clinical change in a randomized controlled trial. [Submitted]IV. Nystrand, C., Helander, M., Enebrink, P., Feldman, I., Sampaio, F. (2020) Adding the Coping Power Program-Sweden to Parent Management Training: the Cost-Effectiveness of Stacking Components for Children with Disruptive behaviour disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01638-w </p
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
Intern experience at CH���M Hill, Inc.: an internship report
No full textIncludes author's vita"Submitted to the College of Engineering of Texas A&M University in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Engineering."Includes bibliographical referencesA review of the author's internship experience with CH���M HILL, Inc.
during the period September 1975 through May 1976 is presented. During this nine month
internship the author worked as an Engineer II in the Industrial Processes discipline of this
large consulting engineering firm... The author's prime responsibility was as one of three
lead design engineers on the design of a large wastewater treatment facility for a pulp mill
in Hoquiam, Washington owned by ITT Rayonier Inc. The work generally consisted of the design
of individual treatment units and associated piping and pumping. The purpose of the project
was to provide wastewater treatment capabilities that would satisfy the effluent limitations
(standards) imposed upon the mill by the State of Washington Department of Ecology and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The author's assignment also entailed necessary
interaction with the project manager and other CH���M HILL design engineers and support staff
members, the client's representatives, and representatives of two other consulting engineering
firms working on the project. Thus, the internship position at CH���M HILL provided considerable
experience coordinating the author's work with the work of other engineers, guiding the design
and administrative efforts of a support staff, and interacting regularly with the client and
other consulting firms. This broad exposure to a variety of engineering and organizational
problems provided a valuable educational experience
Transition to turbulence in a qblique shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction at M=15
No full textDirect numerical simulations are carried out for different forcing techniques to trigger transition during the interaction between an oblique shock-wave and a laminar boundary-layer at M = 1.5. Three forcing methods are used: a) forcing of oblique unstable modes, whose shape and behaviour are determined by the local linear stability theory, b) broadband free-stream acoustic disturbances, and c) a cold plasma flow control device. While the oblique-mode breakdown is dominant for low-amplitude forcing, long streaky structures drive the transition process in a high-amplitude disturbance environment. LES are also performed on the experimental setup by the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM) from Novosibirsk State University with cold plasma actuation. As well as the disturbance type, the effect of Reynolds number and forcing amplitude will be investigated
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