1,720,956 research outputs found
Design and realization, by additive manufacturing, of architectural cellular materials
No full textLa démarche « matériaux numériques », développée au CEA Le Ripaut, consiste à optimiser numériquement une structure, à l’aide de codes de calcul permettant de réaliser des expériences numériques, afin de répondre le plus précisément possible à un cahier des charges. La mise en œuvre de ces structures optimisées, aux formes pouvant être complexes, n’est parfois pas réalisable avec les procédés de fabrication actuels. Cependant, la progression rapide de l’impression 3D semble maintenant pouvoir concrétiser cette démarche. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier cette faisabilité de fabrication, à travers une application concrète : l’optimisation des récepteurs volumétriques des Centrales Solaires Thermodynamiques (CST).Actuellement, la conception de ces récepteurs en Carbure de Silicium (SiC) est restreinte par les techniques existantes de fabrication, et leurs morphologies se limitent donc principalement à des mousses ou des canaux parallèles. Or, ce type de structure ne permet pas d’exploiter tout le caractère 3D proposé par les récepteurs, en raison notamment d’une absorption trop hétérogène du rayonnement solaire dans le volume. Dans ce travail de thèse, afin de rechercher la répartition de l’absorption la plus homogène possible dans l’ensemble du volume, de nombreuses structures aux formes variées sont générées virtuellement. Une simulation de l’éclairement solaire reçu est réalisée sur l’ensemble de ces structures, grâce à un code de calcul développé spécialement pour cette application, permettant ainsi d’en retenir trois répondants au mieux aux critères du cahier des charges. Ces structures potentiellement optimisées ont ensuite été fabriquées en SiC par impression 3D, par un procédé de projection de liant sur lit de poudre. Elles ont été ensuite testées sur un banc d’essai expérimental du laboratoire PROMES, reproduisant les conditions d’une CST. Les résultats ont montrés que ces structures, aux formes totalement différentes de mousses ou de canaux parallèles, sont capables de produire au maximum de l’air à 860°C en sortie de récepteur, et avec des rendements énergétiques proches de 0,65. Enfin, un code de calcul thermique couplé conducto-radiatif, amélioré durant ce travail, a permis d’analyser ces résultats expérimentaux et servira pour les futurs travaux d’optimisation de la géométrie d’un récepteur.The "numerical materials" approach, developed at CEA Le Ripaut, consists to numerically optimize a structure, by using calculation codes that allow to realize numerical experiments, in order to answer, as precisely as possible, to a set of specifications. The manufacturing of these optimized structures, whose shapes can be complex, is sometimes not feasible with current manufacturing processes. However, the rapid progress of 3D printing now seems to be able to concretize this approach. The aim of this thesis is to study this manufacturing feasibility, through a concrete application: the optimization of the volumetric receivers of Concentrated Solar Power Plants (CSP). Currently, the design of these silicon carbide (SiC) receptors is restricted by the existing manufacturing techniques, and their morphologies are therefore mainly limited to foams or parallel channels. However, this type of structure does not allow to exploit all the 3D character proposed by the receivers, due in particular to a heterogeneous absorption of solar radiation in the volume. In this work, in order to find the distribution of the most homogeneous absorption possible in the whole volume, many structures with various shapes are generated virtually. A simulation of the solar irradiance received is carried out on all these structures, thanks to a calculation code developed especially for this application, thus allowing to choose three of them, respondents at best to the criteria of the specifications. These potentially optimized structures were then manufactured in SiC by 3D printing, by a binder jetting process. They were then tested on an experimental test bench of the PROMES laboratory, reproducing the conditions of a CSP. Results showed that these structures, where their shapes are totally different from foams or parallel channels, are able to produce a maximum air temperature of 860°C at the output of the receiver, and with efficiencies close to 0.65. Finally, a conducto-radiative coupled thermal computational code, improved during this work, made it possible to analyze these experimental results and will be used for the future work of optimization of the geometry of a receiver
Conception et réalisation, par fabrication additive, de matériaux cellulaires architecturés
Full text linkThe "numerical materials" approach, developed at CEA Le Ripaut, consists to numerically optimize a structure, by using calculation codes that allow to realize numerical experiments, in order to answer, as precisely as possible, to a set of specifications. The manufacturing of these optimized structures, whose shapes can be complex, is sometimes not feasible with current manufacturing processes. However, the rapid progress of 3D printing now seems to be able to concretize this approach. The aim of this thesis is to study this manufacturing feasibility, through a concrete application: the optimization of the volumetric receivers of Concentrated Solar Power Plants (CSP). Currently, the design of these silicon carbide (SiC) receptors is restricted by the existing manufacturing techniques, and their morphologies are therefore mainly limited to foams or parallel channels. However, this type of structure does not allow to exploit all the 3D character proposed by the receivers, due in particular to a heterogeneous absorption of solar radiation in the volume. In this work, in order to find the distribution of the most homogeneous absorption possible in the whole volume, many structures with various shapes are generated virtually. A simulation of the solar irradiance received is carried out on all these structures, thanks to a calculation code developed especially for this application, thus allowing to choose three of them, respondents at best to the criteria of the specifications. These potentially optimized structures were then manufactured in SiC by 3D printing, by a binder jetting process. They were then tested on an experimental test bench of the PROMES laboratory, reproducing the conditions of a CSP. Results showed that these structures, where their shapes are totally different from foams or parallel channels, are able to produce a maximum air temperature of 860°C at the output of the receiver, and with efficiencies close to 0.65. Finally, a conducto-radiative coupled thermal computational code, improved during this work, made it possible to analyze these experimental results and will be used for the future work of optimization of the geometry of a receiver.La démarche « matériaux numériques », développée au CEA Le Ripaut, consiste à optimiser numériquement une structure, à l’aide de codes de calcul permettant de réaliser des expériences numériques, afin de répondre le plus précisément possible à un cahier des charges. La mise en œuvre de ces structures optimisées, aux formes pouvant être complexes, n’est parfois pas réalisable avec les procédés de fabrication actuels. Cependant, la progression rapide de l’impression 3D semble maintenant pouvoir concrétiser cette démarche. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier cette faisabilité de fabrication, à travers une application concrète : l’optimisation des récepteurs volumétriques des Centrales Solaires Thermodynamiques (CST).Actuellement, la conception de ces récepteurs en Carbure de Silicium (SiC) est restreinte par les techniques existantes de fabrication, et leurs morphologies se limitent donc principalement à des mousses ou des canaux parallèles. Or, ce type de structure ne permet pas d’exploiter tout le caractère 3D proposé par les récepteurs, en raison notamment d’une absorption trop hétérogène du rayonnement solaire dans le volume. Dans ce travail de thèse, afin de rechercher la répartition de l’absorption la plus homogène possible dans l’ensemble du volume, de nombreuses structures aux formes variées sont générées virtuellement. Une simulation de l’éclairement solaire reçu est réalisée sur l’ensemble de ces structures, grâce à un code de calcul développé spécialement pour cette application, permettant ainsi d’en retenir trois répondants au mieux aux critères du cahier des charges. Ces structures potentiellement optimisées ont ensuite été fabriquées en SiC par impression 3D, par un procédé de projection de liant sur lit de poudre. Elles ont été ensuite testées sur un banc d’essai expérimental du laboratoire PROMES, reproduisant les conditions d’une CST. Les résultats ont montrés que ces structures, aux formes totalement différentes de mousses ou de canaux parallèles, sont capables de produire au maximum de l’air à 860°C en sortie de récepteur, et avec des rendements énergétiques proches de 0,65. Enfin, un code de calcul thermique couplé conducto-radiatif, amélioré durant ce travail, a permis d’analyser ces résultats expérimentaux et servira pour les futurs travaux d’optimisation de la géométrie d’un récepteur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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