1,720,991 research outputs found
Neue Auslegungsmethode für in der Ebene belastete Gewindeeinsätze in Sandwichprofilen mit Wabenkern
No full textSandwich structures are used in weight-optimized structures due to their excellent properties interms of their stiffness-to-weight ratio. Nevertheless, they have a weakness: threads cannot be cut into the materials. Therefore, metallic inserts with internal threads are potted into the sandwiche structure at the required position. These insert connections have long been researched and standardized in the aerospace industry. The INSERT DESIGN HANDBOOK is a compilation of these research results and also provides methods for calculating the maximum strength of these joints. Out-of-plane loaded inserts have been investigated and the calculation method verified in many scientific studies. In contrast, in-plane failure of insert connections has been poorly discussed to this day. Therefore, it is not surprising that the given calculation formuladoes not properly represent the tests and is thus unsuitable. As a result, tests must be carriedout to determine the strength of each individual connection. As a consequence, the aim of the present work is to develop a new design method to calculate the failure load of in-plane loaded inserts. For this purpose, the failure mode under this load is first determined experimentally and verified with the aid of FE simulations. In this process, a crack in the adhesive is identified which is causal for the failure of this connection. Basedon the failure mode, a spring-based model is developed. Since there was a large scatter in the tests carried out so far, further samples are tested on which the replacement model is verified. Since the tests carried out so far have shown large deviations, further specimens will be tested to verify the developed model. A parameter study carried out after this shows that manufacturing tolerances have a significant influence on crack initiation and thus cause the large deviations inthe tests. This influence is verified in specially developed tests. By comparing the findings with the calculation formula, it is possible to explain why the calculation formula is not useful. Since the tolerances due to manufacturing cannot be controlled with current manufacturing methods,the maximum force of a specimen varies significantly, so it is not reasonable to determine adesign value based on the maximum strength. Therefore, a new design philosophy is needed: For each test, the force drops to a relatively high load level at which the threaded insert is pulled further through the sandwich structure. As a result, the face layer is compressed and continuously destroyed. The force required to do this is independent of the adhesive and therefore the same for all specimens in a joint. Consequently, this force, which is calculated using the hole reveal formula, is used as the new design value for an in-plane loaded connection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sandwichstrukturen mit Wabenkern: Experimentelle und numerische Analyse des Schädigungsverhaltens unter statischer und kurzzeitdynamischer Belastung
Full text linkSandwichstrukturen mit einem Wabenkern und Faserverbund-Deckschichten finden
aufgrund ihres hohen Leichtbaupotenzials zunehmend Verwendung in zahlreichen
Konstruktionen, in denen eine Gewichtsersparnis angestrebt wird – allen voran im
Flugzeugbau. Im gleichen Zuge werden in der Produktentwicklung aus Effizienzgründen
verstärkt numerische Simulationsrechnungen auf Basis der Finite-Elemente-
Methode verwendet, um Bauteile für statische oder kurzzeitdynamische Belastungen
wie Crash- oder Impact-Belastungen auszulegen.
Die nichtlineare Materialmodellierung derartiger inhomogener Sandwichstrukturen
stellt aufgrund einer Vielzahl möglicher Versagensarten eine komplexe Aufgabe dar.
Da gerade auch im Fall von kurzzeitdynamischen Belastungen, bei denen Dehnrateneffekte
eine Rolle spielen können, wenig Kenntnis bezüglich des Materialverhaltens
besteht, setzt die vorliegende Arbeit an dieser Stelle an, um das Schädigungsverhalten
von Sandwichstrukturen im Flugzeugbau experimentell zu erfassen und
geeignete Modellierungsmethoden in der kommerziellen expliziten Berechnungssoftware
LS-DYNA zu entwickeln.
Neben den im Luftfahrtbereich etablierten Nomex®-Honigwaben wurden auch neuartige
Faltwaben untersucht, wobei zunächst das mechanische Verhalten beider Wabentypen
unter quasi-statischen und hochdynamischen Lastraten charakterisiert
wurde. Neben der experimentellen Bestimmung der Materialeigenschaften wurden
alternativ analytische und numerische Methoden angewendet. Insbesondere die virtuellen
Werkstoffprüfungen mittels dynamischer Simulationen und Mesomodellen
zeigten dabei das Potenzial, auf effiziente Weise und mit einer hohen Ergebnisgenauigkeit
das mechanische Verhalten von Wabenkernen vorherzusagen.
Den Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildet die Untersuchung der in der Passagierkabine
verwendeten Sandwichstrukturen, welche aus Brandschutzgründen mit Deckschichten
aus glasfaserverstärkten Phenoplasten ausgeführt sind. In Versuchsreihen wurden
der Dehnrateneffekt des Deckschichtmaterials, die Festigkeit der Kern-
Deckschicht-Verklebung, der Einfluss des Herstellverfahrens auf die mechanischen
Eigenschaften sowie die Versagensarten unter ebener und transversaler Belastung
untersucht und in numerischen Modellen abgebildet. Da insbesondere Lasteinleitungs- und Verbindungsstellen potenzielle Versagensstellen
von Konstruktionen in Sandwichbauweise sein können, wurde das Schädigungsverhalten
von unterschiedlichen Kanten- und Insert-Verbindungen experimentell untersucht.
Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wurden Modellierungsmethoden entwickelt,
die eine Abbildung des Versagensverhaltens ermöglichen.
Im Rahmen der Versuchsreihen stellte sich ein transversales Kernschubversagen als
eine dominierende Schädigungsart heraus. Da unter Verwendung einer Schalenmodellierung
für die Sandwichstruktur in der Berechnungssoftware LS-DYNA kein Materialmodell
für den Wabenkern existiert, welches ein solches Versagen abbilden kann,
wurde hierfür ein benutzerdefiniertes orthotropes Werkstoffgesetz entwickelt. Neben
dem Transversalschubversagen wurden hierin auch die weiteren in dieser Arbeit ermittelten
Charakteristika von Wabenkernen wie ein nichtlineares Nachversagensverhalten
oder ein Dehnrateneffekt implementiert.
In dieser Arbeit wurden zahlreiche neue Erkenntnisse zum einen hinsichtlich des Materialverhaltens
der untersuchten Sandwichstrukturen und zum anderen hinsichtlich
der Modellierungsmethoden gewonnen. Diese Erkenntnisse lassen sich für eine Vielzahl
unterschiedlicher nichtlinearer Problemstellungen bei Sandwichstrukturen in der
Luftfahrt einsetzen und finden innerhalb dieser Arbeit in drei exemplarischen kurzzeitdynamischen
Lastfällen Anwendung: die Simulation von Kabinenkomponenten
bei einer harten Landung, die Impact-Belastung einer Faltwaben-Sandwichstruktur
sowie die Crashsimulation eines Rumpfsegments in Sandwichbauweise
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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