101,763 research outputs found
Hydrogen reduction of industrial iron ore pellets : a multi-scale study from surface to core
No full textAbstract
The transition towards sustainable ironmaking necessitates the replacement of carbon-based reduction processes with hydrogen-based alternatives to mitigate CO₂ emissions. This study investigates the reduction behavior of two types of industrial pellets utilized in direct reduction (DRI) and blast furnaces (BFs), using hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) as reducing agents. The experimental analysis utilizes ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) to examine the surface reduction mechanisms and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate kinetic parameters in bulk scale.
DRI pellets achieved a higher metallization degree during surface reduction by hydrogen due to their higher porosity. Although adding CO to the reducing gas hindered the formation of metallic iron in DRI pellet, BF pellet reached to 20% metallization degree by a mixture of 50:50 CO:H₂. However, subsequent reoxidation of the reduced iron to wüstite and magnetite occurred due to increasing partial pressure of H₂O and CO₂ on the surface of the pellets.
Investigating the effect of water vapor on the hydrogen reduction of pellets showed that although complete reduction is thermodynamically possible with 30% water vapor in the system, the reduction of wüstite to iron could not start, even at high temperatures, due to a kinetic barrier. The effect of 20% water vapor on the reduction degree was dependent on the reduction temperature. Although adding 10% water vapor decreased the rate of reduction, it did not affect the reduction degree. Original papers Heidari, A., Niknahad, N., Iljana, M., & Fabritius, T. (2021). A review on the kinetics of iron ore reduction by hydrogen. Materials, 14(24), 7540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247540 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247540 Self-archived version Heidari, A., Ghosalya, M. K., Alaoui Mansouri, M., Heikkilä, A., Iljana, M., Kokkonen, E., Huttula, M., Fabritius, T., & Urpelainen, S. (2024). Hydrogen reduction of iron ore pellets: A surface study using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 83, 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.094 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.094 Self-archived version Heidari, A., Heikkilä, A., Iljana, M., & Fabritius, T. (2024). A comparison between the reduction behavior of DRI and BF pellets in H2 and CO atmospheres. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 10(4), 2068–2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00951-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00951-x Self-archived version Heidari, A., Ilmakangas, T., Pöyhtäri, S., Heikkinen, E. P., Sulasalmi, P., & Fabritius, T. (in press). The influence of water vapor on hydrogen reduction of iron ore pellets. Ironmaking & Steelmaking. Tiivistelmä
Siirtyminen kestävään raudanvalmistukseen edellyttää hiilipohjaisten pelkistysprosessien korvaamista vetyyn perustuvilla vaihtoehdoilla hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiseksi. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee kahden teollisen pellettityypin pelkistymiskäyttäytymistä suorapelkistyksessä (DRI) ja masuunissa (BF) käyttäen pelkistimenä vetyä (H₂) ja hiilimonoksidia (CO). Kokeellinen analyysi hyödyntää painetta kontrolloivaa röntgenfotoelektronispektroskopiaa (APXPS) pinnan pelkistysmekanismien tutkimiseen sekä termogravimetristä analyysia (TGA) kineettisten parametrien arviointiin suuremmassa mittakaavassa.
Tutkittaessa pinnan pelkistymistä vedyllä DRI-pelletti saavutti korkeamman metallisaatioasteen verrattuna BF-pellettiin, mikä johtui sen suuremmasta huokoisuudesta. Metallista rautaa ei muodostunut DRI-pelletissä, kun pelkistyskaasuun vedyn lisäksi lisättiin hiilimonoksidia. Kuitenkin BF-pelletti saavutti korkeamman metallisaatioasteen (20 %), kun pelkistyskaasujen suhde oli 50:50. Pelkistyneen raudan uudelleenhapettumista wüstiitiksi ja magnetiitiksi havaittiin tapahtuvan, kun H₂O- ja CO₂-osapaineet kasvoivat pelletin pinnalla.
Tutkittaessa vesihöyryn vaikutusta pelletin vetypelkistyksen aikana havaittiin, että vaikka täydellinen pelkistyminen on termodynaamisesti mahdollista vesihöyrypitoisuuden ollessa 30 %, wüstiitin pelkistyminen raudaksi ei tapahdu edes korkeissa lämpötiloissa kineettisten esteiden takia. Vesihöyrypitoisuuden ollessa 20 % pelkistymiseen vaikutti myös käytetty pelkistyslämpötila. Vaikka 10 prosentin vesihöyrypitoisuus hidasti pelkistysnopeutta, se ei vaikuttanut pelkistysasteeseen. Osajulkaisut Heidari, A., Niknahad, N., Iljana, M., & Fabritius, T. (2021). A review on the kinetics of iron ore reduction by hydrogen. Materials, 14(24), 7540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247540 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247540 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Heidari, A., Ghosalya, M. K., Alaoui Mansouri, M., Heikkilä, A., Iljana, M., Kokkonen, E., Huttula, M., Fabritius, T., & Urpelainen, S. (2024). Hydrogen reduction of iron ore pellets: A surface study using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 83, 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.094 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.094 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Heidari, A., Heikkilä, A., Iljana, M., & Fabritius, T. (2024). A comparison between the reduction behavior of DRI and BF pellets in H2 and CO atmospheres. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 10(4), 2068–2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00951-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00951-x Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Heidari, A., Ilmakangas, T., Pöyhtäri, S., Heikkinen, E. P., Sulasalmi, P., & Fabritius, T. (in press). The influence of water vapor on hydrogen reduction of iron ore pellets. Ironmaking & Steelmaking. Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Oulun Puhelin auditorium (L5), Linnanmaa, on 29 August 2025, at 12 noonAbstract
The transition towards sustainable ironmaking necessitates the replacement of carbon-based reduction processes with hydrogen-based alternatives to mitigate CO₂ emissions. This study investigates the reduction behavior of two types of industrial pellets utilized in direct reduction (DRI) and blast furnaces (BFs), using hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) as reducing agents. The experimental analysis utilizes ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) to examine the surface reduction mechanisms and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate kinetic parameters in bulk scale.
DRI pellets achieved a higher metallization degree during surface reduction by hydrogen due to their higher porosity. Although adding CO to the reducing gas hindered the formation of metallic iron in DRI pellet, BF pellet reached to 20% metallization degree by a mixture of 50:50 CO:H₂. However, subsequent reoxidation of the reduced iron to wüstite and magnetite occurred due to increasing partial pressure of H₂O and CO₂ on the surface of the pellets.
Investigating the effect of water vapor on the hydrogen reduction of pellets showed that although complete reduction is thermodynamically possible with 30% water vapor in the system, the reduction of wüstite to iron could not start, even at high temperatures, due to a kinetic barrier. The effect of 20% water vapor on the reduction degree was dependent on the reduction temperature. Although adding 10% water vapor decreased the rate of reduction, it did not affect the reduction degree.Tiivistelmä
Siirtyminen kestävään raudanvalmistukseen edellyttää hiilipohjaisten pelkistysprosessien korvaamista vetyyn perustuvilla vaihtoehdoilla hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiseksi. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee kahden teollisen pellettityypin pelkistymiskäyttäytymistä suorapelkistyksessä (DRI) ja masuunissa (BF) käyttäen pelkistimenä vetyä (H₂) ja hiilimonoksidia (CO). Kokeellinen analyysi hyödyntää painetta kontrolloivaa röntgenfotoelektronispektroskopiaa (APXPS) pinnan pelkistysmekanismien tutkimiseen sekä termogravimetristä analyysia (TGA) kineettisten parametrien arviointiin suuremmassa mittakaavassa.
Tutkittaessa pinnan pelkistymistä vedyllä DRI-pelletti saavutti korkeamman metallisaatioasteen verrattuna BF-pellettiin, mikä johtui sen suuremmasta huokoisuudesta. Metallista rautaa ei muodostunut DRI-pelletissä, kun pelkistyskaasuun vedyn lisäksi lisättiin hiilimonoksidia. Kuitenkin BF-pelletti saavutti korkeamman metallisaatioasteen (20 %), kun pelkistyskaasujen suhde oli 50:50. Pelkistyneen raudan uudelleenhapettumista wüstiitiksi ja magnetiitiksi havaittiin tapahtuvan, kun H₂O- ja CO₂-osapaineet kasvoivat pelletin pinnalla.
Tutkittaessa vesihöyryn vaikutusta pelletin vetypelkistyksen aikana havaittiin, että vaikka täydellinen pelkistyminen on termodynaamisesti mahdollista vesihöyrypitoisuuden ollessa 30 %, wüstiitin pelkistyminen raudaksi ei tapahdu edes korkeissa lämpötiloissa kineettisten esteiden takia. Vesihöyrypitoisuuden ollessa 20 % pelkistymiseen vaikutti myös käytetty pelkistyslämpötila. Vaikka 10 prosentin vesihöyrypitoisuus hidasti pelkistysnopeutta, se ei vaikuttanut pelkistysasteeseen
An Innovative Performance Assessment Method for Increasing the Efficiency of Aodv Routing Protocol in Vanets Through Colored Timed Petri Nets
No full textHeidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551Routing protocols are pivotal in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), serving as the backbone for efficient routing discovery, particularly within the realm of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, ensuring their seamless functionality within VANET environments necessitates rigorous verification and formal modeling. Colored Timed Petri Nets (CTPNs) stand out as a valuable mathematical and formal method for this purpose. This study shows a new way to describe the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing system in VANETs using CTPNs. There are nine pages of detailed analysis using this new modeling method, which allows you to examine success across many levels of a hierarchy. This study provides a strong foundation for building and testing the AODV routing system in VANETs, showing how well it functions in real-life situations. It is interesting to see how the results of the CTPN-based model and simulations compare. Notably, the model finds routes in an average of 32 s, while tests show that it takes 56 s. Additionally, the model's overall number of sent and received packets closely matches the results from the exercise. Furthermore, the suggested plan shows a yield of 41%. Strict T-tests indicate that the modeling results are highly reliable.Science Citation Index Expande
Fluorescent Lithium Fluoride Detectors for X-Ray Projection Imaging
No full textFluorescent lithium fluoride detectors for X-ray projection imaging
F. Bonfigli, M.A. Vincenti, R.M. Montereali
ENEA, C.R. Frascati, Photonics Micro- and Nano-structures Lab.,
UTAPRAD-MNF, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Rome), Italy
E. Nichelatti
ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Optical Devices Laboratory,
UTTMAT-OTT, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
F. Somma, S. Heidari Bateni
Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Dip. di Fisica E. Amaldi, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
A. Cecilia, T. Baumbach
Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS)/ANKA, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
Abstract
The possibility of detecting high quality images of materials, devices and biological samples in the soft and hard X-ray spectral ranges with high spatial resolution and contrast and by using simple exposing configuration is a topical task nowadays. For this purpose, we propose the use of versatile imaging detectors based on the radiation sensitivity of lithium fluoride (LiF) to extreme ultraviolet, soft and hard X-rays [1, 2]. X-rays generate stable point defects in LiF, known as colour centres (CCs), which emit broad-band photoluminescence at visible wavelengths under optical pumping. The high dynamic response of the material to the received dose together with the atomic scale of the CCs make LiF plates, in form of thin films or crystals, extremely attractive as high-spatial-resolution radiation-imaging detectors both in absorption and phase contrast imaging configurations [1, 3]. The latent images are subsequently read by using optical fluorescence microscopes, which in the case of advanced techniques can reach spatial resolutions well below 100 nm [4].
We present lensless imaging experiments in projection mode at the TOPO–TOMO beamline of the synchrotron light source Anka (Karlsruhe, Germany) by using LiF crystals and thin films irradiated in the energy range 6–40 keV. Stable fluorescent images were formed in LiF detectors by scattered X-rays after an object had been positioned between the X-ray source and the detectors. The object used in this work is the commercial test pattern X500-200-30 (Xradia, Pleasanton, CA, USA) consisting of a gold mask (thickness 3 m) deposited on a (500500) μm2 Si3N4 window (thickness 330 nm). The LiF detectors were crystals and 1 m thick polycrystalline films deposited on glass substrates. To imprint the X-ray image of the sample on the LiF detectors, the test pattern was irradiated with several exposure times between 1 s and 60 s. The X-ray micro-radiographies were optically read with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, Nikon Eclipse 80i-C1) operating in fluorescence mode. It is worth pointing out that a 1 m LiF film was able to store high-quality and well contrasted fluorescence images of the test pattern, although X-ray attenuation length in LiF varies between 0.02-12 mm for X-ray energies in the investigated range. The stored images show edge-enhancement effects that are ascribable to diffraction processes occurring during the X-ray beam propagation after its interaction with the sample. A computer simulation was performed to calculate the incoming X-ray intensity distribution across the detector. A fairly good agreement with experimental data evidences a linear optical fluorescence response of LiF-film based detectors under the investigated conditions. This linear behaviour has been confirmed by measurements of the PL signals of F2 and F3+ CCs detected with a CLSM system for several X-ray irradiation times. Further investigations are in progress to study the exploitation of solid-state LiF detectors for X-ray lensless projection imaging experiments and applications.
References
[1] G. Baldacchini, F. Bonfigli, A. Faenov, F. Flora, R.M. Montereali, A. Pace, T. Pikuz, L. Reale, J. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3, 6 483-486, (2003).
[2] S. Almaviva, F. Bonfigli, I. Franzini, A. Lai, R.M. Montereali, D. Pelliccia, A. Cedola, S. Lagomarsino, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 54102, (2006).
[3] F. Bonfigli, A. Cecilia, S. Heidari Bateni, E. Nichelatti, D. Pelliccia, F. Somma, P. Vagovic, M.A. Vincenti, T. Baumbach and R.M. Montereali, Radiation Measurements 56, 277-280, (2013).
[4] A. Ustione, A. Cricenti, F. Bonfigli, F. Flora, A. Lai, T. Marolo, R.M. Montereali, G. Baldacchini, A. Faenov, T. Pikuz, L. Reale, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 141107 (2006)
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Insights into the SAM synthetase gene family and its roles in tomato seedlings under abiotic stresses and hormone treatments
No full textS-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a key enzyme involved in many important biological processes, such as ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis, transmethylation, and transsulfuration. Here, the SAM synthetase (SAMS) gene family was studied in ten different plants (Arabidopsis, tomato, eggplant, sunflower, Medicago truncatula, soybean, rice, barley, Triticum urartu and sorghum) with respect to its physical structure, physicochemical characteristics, and post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Additionally, the expression patterns of SAMS genes in tomato were analyzed based on a real-time quantitative PCR assay and an analysis of a public expression dataset. SAMS genes of monocots were more conserved according to the results of a phylogenetic analysis and the prediction of phosphorylation and glycosylation patterns. SAMS genes showed differential expression in response to abiotic stresses and exogenous hormone treatments. Solyc01g101060 was especially expressed in fruit and root tissues, while Solyc09g008280 was expressed in leaves. Additionally, our results revealed that exogenous BR and ABA treatments strongly reduced the expression of tomato SAMS genes. Our research provides new insights and clues about the role of SAMS genes. In particular, these results can inform future functional analyses aimed at revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of SAMS genes in plants
Studies on persistent polyomavirus infection in relation to tumor development and options for vaccine and gene therapy
No full textPolyomavirus is a small DNA virus capable of inducing tumors in mice with a defective or an immature immune system. The importance of T-cells in prevention of polyoma-induced tumor development has previously been shown. In this thesis, we wished to elucidate the role of humoral immunity with regard to polyomavirus persistence and tumor development. Adult and newborn X-linked immunodeficient (XID) mice with a reduced antibody response and µMT (also referred to as IgM-/-) mice, which lack functional antibodies, were infected with polyomavirus. The mice were examined for persistence of viral DNA by a polyoma specific PCR and for presence of tumors. A disseminated persistent polyomavirus infection was observed in all µMT mice with a severe B-cell deficiency, while in XID mice with a less severe defect, the infection was more limited but still persistent. There was no major difference in tumor frequency between B-cell deficient and normal mice, confirming the importance of T-cells in prevention of tumors.For future gene therapy applications, a safe and efficient vector able to introduce DNA into cells in vivo is desirable. The murine polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1 can self assemble, enclose eukaryotic DNA and transfer the DNA into cells in vitro. We aimed to examine the efficiency of VP1-pseudocapsids to transfer exogenous DNA into cells in vivo. Polyoma VP1-pseudocapsids, obtained from a baculovirus system, were used to introduce a replication defective polyoma DNA into cells in vivo. This process was carried out in normal, B-cell deficient (µMT) and T-cell deficient (CD4-/-8-/-) mice on C57BL/6 background. DNA transfer by VP1-pseudocapsids was compared to introduction of naked DNA or to polyomavirus infection. Polyoma DNA was successfully introduced by VP1-psedudocapsids into a variety of tissues, where it remained for at least 3-6 months, which was comparable to that observed after polyomavirus infection. Quantification of the introduced DNA by real time PCR revealed that introduction of DNA by VP1-pseudocapsids in normal mice was comparable to that by natural virions. In search for a more restricted gene transfer vector a novel murine polyomavirus, BG, previously reported to target the nervous system, was compared to the polyomavirus A2 strain. Tissue distribution and persistence of BG was not restricted to the nervous system as anticipated, but was spread widely similar to A2. In addition, BG demonstrated a more potent oncogenic profile by inducing multiple tumors shortly after infection in newborn CBA mice, whereas A2 infected mice developed single tumors and during a longer latency period.Finally, we designed a study to examine the possibility to immunize T-cell deficient CD4-/-8-/- mice against polyomavirus infection by using viral pseudocapsids and temperature sensitive mutants as immunogens. Pre-immunization of polyomavirus infected mice resulted in a partial protective response against polyomavirus infection in contrast to a persistent viral infection, which was obtained in polyomavirus infected non-immunized controls.List of scientific papersI. Berke Z, Mellin H, Heidari S, Wen T, Berglof A, Klein G, Dalianis T (1998). "Adult X-linked immunodeficiency (XID) mice, IGM-/- single knockout and IGM-/- CD8-/- double knockout mice do not clear polyomavirus infection. " In Vivo 12(2): 143-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9627794II. Heidari S, Berke Z, Berglof A, Woldegiorgis A, Smith CI, Dalianis T (1999). "Susceptibility to polyoma virus tumorigenesis in X-linked immunodeficient (XID) and B-cell deficient (microMT) mice is not increased. " In Vivo 13(6): 439-44 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10757034III. Heidari S, Krauzewicz N, Kalantari M, Vlastos A, Griffin BE, Dalianis T (2000). "Persistence and tissue distribution of DNA in normal and immunodeficient mice inoculated with polyomavirus VP1 pseudocapsid complexes or polyomavirus. " J Virol 74(24): 11963-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11090197IV. Heidari S, Clark B, Vlastos A, Ramqvist T, Griffin BE, Dalianis T (2001). "Comparison between viral distribution, persistence and tumorigenicity of two strains of polyomavirus: A2 and BG." (Manuscript)V. Heidari S, Vlastos A, Ramqvist T, Clark B, Griffin BE, Garcia MI, Perez M, Amati P, Dalianis T (2001). "Immunization of T-cell deficient mice against polyomavirus infection using viral pseudocapsids and temperature sensitive mutants." (Submitted)</p
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Combining abilities of sugar beet genotypes for root- and sugar-related traits under multi-environment trials
No full textThe improvement of sugar-related factors is associated with root traits in sugar beet. The objectives of the present study were to assess variations of sugar- and root yield (RY)-related traits and to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of several lines, testers and hybrids under various environmental conditions. A line × tester mating design was used to develop 28 hybrids from seven lines × four testers. Presently, root- and sugar-related traits were recorded in parental lines, hybrids and five local ('Pars', 'Torbat' and 'Ekbatan') and international ('Kermit' and 'Tous') check varieties in the eight combinations of location and growing season. Mean RY and sugar yield (SY) were 44.81 t/ha and 7.57 t/ha, respectively. Genotypes tested had 16.91% sugar content (SC) and 13.64% white sugar content (WSC) across trials. No one genotype was found to have high levels for all traits, but several had above mean sugar-related or RY traits. L7T2 as the best hybrid for RY and SY yielded 37.0% and 34.4% more than the checks’ mean, whereas ratios for the best hybrid (L7T4) for SC and WSC were 8.2% and 4.3%, respectively. Additive variance was significant for all traits, whereas dominance component was only significant for RY. Several parental lines had stable GCA effects with respect to direction and magnitude for WSC, RY and SC in environments. L7 and T2 for RY and SY and L3 and T4 for SC and WSC were identified as the best combiners with high GCA effects, and their use might increase favourable alleles in further breeding programmes for traits tested. Estimated heritability for the combined environments was lower for sugar-related traits (54.01%–59.39%) compared with those for RY traits (73.68%–74.21%). Overall, given heritability and additive variances estimated the identification of environmentally stable GCA and SCA effects and might help to increase efficiency of selection of superior cultivars with respect to sugar traits
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