1,387 research outputs found
A New a Flow-Based Approach for Enhancing Botnet Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory
No full textHeidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551Despite the growing research and development of botnet detection tools, an ever-increasing spread of botnets and their victims is being witnessed. Due to the frequent adaptation of botnets to evolving responses offered by host-based and network-based detection mechanisms, traditional methods are found to lack adequate defense against botnet threats. In this regard, the suggestion is made to employ flow-based detection methods and conduct behavioral analysis of network traffic. To enhance the performance of these approaches, this paper proposes utilizing a hybrid deep learning method that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) methods. CNN efficiently extracts spatial features from network traffic, such as patterns in flow characteristics, while LSTM captures temporal dependencies critical to detecting sequential patterns in botnet behaviors. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed CNN-LSTM method in classifying botnet traffic. In comparison with the results obtained by the leading method on the identical dataset, the proposed approach showcased noteworthy enhancements, including a 0.61% increase in precision, a 0.03% augmentation in accuracy, a 0.42% enhancement in the recall, a 0.51% improvement in the F1-score, and a 0.10% reduction in the false-positive rate. Moreover, the utilization of the CNN-LSTM framework exhibited robust overall performance and notable expeditiousness in the realm of botnet traffic identification. Additionally, we conducted an evaluation concerning the impact of three widely recognized adversarial attacks on the Information Security Centre of Excellence dataset and the Information Security and Object Technology dataset. The findings underscored the proposed method's propensity for delivering a promising performance in the face of these adversarial challenges.Qatar National LibraryOpen Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library.Science Citation Index Expande
A GSO-based multi-objective technique for performance optimization of blockchain-based industrial Internet of things
No full textZanbouri, Kouros/0000-0003-0252-8282; Heidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551The latest developments in the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) have opened up a collection of possibilities for many industries. To solve the massive IIoT data security and efficiency problems, a potential approach is considered to satisfy the main needs of IIoT, such as high throughput, high security, and high efficiency, which is named blockchain. The blockchain mechanism is considered a significant approach to boosting data protection and performance. In the quest to amplify the capabilities of blockchain-based IIoT, a pivotal role is accorded to the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. Inspired by the collaborative brilliance of glowworms in nature, the GSO algorithm offers a unique approach to harmonizing these conflicting aims. This paper proposes a new approach to improve the performance optimization of blockchain-based IIoT using the GSO algorithm due to the blockchain's contradictory objectives. The proposed blockchain-based IIoT system using the GSO algorithm addresses scalability challenges typically associated with blockchain technology by efficiently managing interactions among nodes and dynamically adapting to network demands. The GSO algorithm optimizes the allocation of resources and decision-making, reducing inefficiencies and bottlenecks. The method demonstrates considerable performance improvements through extensive simulations compared to traditional algorithms, offering a more scalable and efficient solution for industrial applications in the context of the IIoT. The extensive simulation and computational study have shown that the proposed method using GSO considerably improves the objective function and blockchain-based IIoT systems' performance compared to traditional algorithms. It provides more efficient and secure systems for industries and corporations. We introduced a blockchain-based IIoT using a glowworm swarm optimization algorithm motivated by glowworms' behavior, movements' probability toward each other, and luciferin quantity. The proposed approach significantly improves four-way trade-offs such as scalability, decentralization, cost, and latency. imageScience Citation Index Expande
Botnets Unveiled: a Comprehensive Survey on Evolving Threats and Defense Strategies
No full textHeidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551Botnets have emerged as a significant internet security threat, comprising networks of compromised computers under the control of command and control (C&C) servers. These malevolent entities enable a range of malicious activities, from denial of service (DoS) attacks to spam distribution and phishing. Each bot operates as a malicious binary code on vulnerable hosts, granting remote control to attackers who can harness the combined processing power of these compromised hosts for synchronized, highly destructive attacks while maintaining anonymity. This survey explores botnets and their evolution, covering aspects such as their life cycles, C&C models, botnet communication protocols, detection methods, the unique environments botnets operate in, and strategies to evade detection tools. It analyzes research challenges and future directions related to botnets, with a particular focus on evasion and detection techniques, including methods like encryption and the use of covert channels for detection and the reinforcement of botnets. By reviewing existing research, the survey provides a comprehensive overview of botnets, from their origins to their evolving tactics, and evaluates how botnets evade detection and how to counteract their activities. Its primary goal is to inform the research community about the changing landscape of botnets and the challenges in combating these threats, offering guidance on addressing security concerns effectively through the highlighting of evasion and detection methods. The survey concludes by presenting future research directions, including using encryption and covert channels for detection and strategies to strengthen botnets. This aims to guide researchers in developing more robust security measures to combat botnets effectively. Exploring botnets: evolution, tactics, countermeasures. This survey dives into botnets, covering life cycles, communication, and evasion tactics. It highlights challenges and future strategies for combating cyber threats. imageScience Citation Index Expande
A New Service Composition Method in the Cloud-Based Internet of Things Environment Using a Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Mapreduce Framework
No full textAl-Khafaji, Hamza Mohammed Ridha/0000-0003-3620-581X; Heidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551Cloud computing is quickly becoming a common commercial model for software delivery and services, enabling companies to save maintenance, infrastructure, and labor expenses. Also, Internet of Things (IoT) apps are designed to ease developers' and users' access to networks of smart services, devices, and data. Although cloud services give nearly infinite resources, their reach is constrained. Designing coherent and organized apps is made possible by integrating the cloud and IoT. Expanding facilities by combining services is a critical component of this technology. Various services may be presented in this environment based on the user's demands. Considering their Quality of Service (QoS) attributes, discovering the appropriate available atomic services to construct the needed composite service with their collaboration in an orchestration model is an NP-hard issue. This article suggests a service composition method using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and MapReduce framework to compose services with optimized QoS. The simulation outcomes illustrate cost, availability, response time, and energy-saving improvements through the suggested approach. Comparing the suggested technique to three baseline algorithms, the average gain is a 40% improvement in energy savings, a 14% decrease in response time, an 11% increase in availability, and a 24% drop in cost. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Acanthodactylus khamirensis Heidari, Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Rajabizadeh, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textAcanthodactylus khamirensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2–4) Holotype. One male specimen (RUZM 146), collected from 7km east of Khamir port, during field work on 10 May 2010, from coastal line of the Persian Gulf, 1km to sea shore, at 26 º 30 ′ 47 ″N, 055º 58 ′ 44.2 ″E and about 40m above sea level (asl), Hormozgan province, southern Iran. Diagnosis. The new species differs from all other Acanthodactylus species in having a combination of the following characters: a relatively medium sized lacertid (Fig. 2), with SVL: 48.43mm, TL: 91.89mm. Dorsal scales nearly smooth and imbricate; three supraoculars, the first one smaller than two entire middle ones (Fig. 3 A–B). Subocular bordering the mouth not separated from the lip border (Fig. 3 –C). Dorsal scales the same size as laterals; ventral scales relatively imbricate, in 11 longitudinal rows and 34 ventral series in a longitudinal row along the belly between collar and preanal scale; dorsal scales 64 across middle of back; four supralabials anterior to subocular and three posterior to subocular; six infralabials; three series of scales around fingers, but two visible laterally; 22 rows of lamella under the 4 th toe; 15 rows of lamella under the 4 th finger; 24 femoral pores on each side, extended laterally to reach the knees; the two rows are separated by a space as large as diameter of each pore. Description of Holotype. Upper head shields more or less convex (specifically frontonasal, prefrontals, frontal and frontoparietals); parietals and supraoculars relatively flat; prefrontals longer than broad with a common suture of about 0.75 of their length; frontals distinctly longer than their width; each frontoparietal in contact with frontal, parietal, and third supraocular; frontal is bordered by first, second and third supraocular laterally, anteriorly by frontonasals and posteriorly by interparietals; parietals nearly as wide as their length; interparietal small with a minute parietal foramen; no occipital; three large and intact supraoculars, first supraocular is minute, second and third ones broad and intact, the fourth one is broken up strongly into one large and four minute fragments; 6–7 supraciliaries on each side, first one is the largest, separated from supraoculars by a complete row of 10 granules; dorsal scales smooth and granular from nape to caudals, lateral scales the same size as dorsals, tend to being keeled; dorsal scales much smaller than upper caudals; ventral caudals smooth, wider than long; about 21 scales in the 5 th whorl of tail behind vent; 17 large dorsal scales across dorsum between hindlimbs; one preocular and one loreal with half diameter than preocular; ear opening elliptical and vertical, its diameter two times as long as orbit; subocular with a sharp keel, bordering the lip and separating the 4 th and 5 th supralabials; the 4 th supralabial twice as long as its width; the subocular twice as long as it’s width; 7 supralabials on each side, 4 of them anterior to center of eye, the 4 th one is long; 6 – 6 infralabials. Head length 12.7mm, about 26 % snout-vent length; head wide 8.6mm; rostral rather round, not pointed; snout not much pointed; nasal region sharply swollen; nostril bordered by a single and small postnasal, internasal and first supralabials, separated from rostral by a very narrow and short rim; tail length about 1.9 times snout-vent length and scales above and on sides of tail strongly keeled and mucronate; 75 – 7 feebly keeled, small temporal scales, large anteriorly, smooth posteriorly and inferiorly; three supratemporals, the anterior and posterior ones minute and flat, the middle one edged and keeled, three to four times length of the first and third ones; collar free, consisting of 10–11 plates with larger median scales and smaller marginal ones; 27 gular scales on median line in a straight line between the union of the submaxillaries and the central scale of the collar; five pairs of submaxillary shields, the first three pairs in contact; the last two pairs broadly separated; submaxillary shields bordered by 21 granules; toes with weak lateral fringes; preanal plates developed and wide with three strongly enlarged plates; limbs slender, forelimbs 20.1mm, 43 % of snout-vent length; hindlimbs 38.6mm, about 1.7 times of forelimbs and 79 % of snout-vent length; forelimbs with more large imbricate shields in upper surface and small granules bellow, conversely upper surface of hind limbs (on thigh and tibia) with small scales similar to dorsals and enlarged, smooth and imbricate shields in ventral surface of hind-limbs. As in all other lacertid lizards, teeth are pleurodont, with seven premaxillary teeth similar in size with maxillary teeth and 23 cylindrical maxillary teeth in each side; teeth set in a continuous groove. Palatine and pterygoid teeth absent. Outer edge of premaxilla smoothly continuous with outer edge of maxilla where the maxilla and premaxilla meet each other, without narrowing laterally. This is congruent with A. boskianus and A. nilsoni and in opposite with A. schmidti and A. grandis in which, the shape of premaxillary region abruptly narrowed (Fig. 4 A- B). Color and pattern. Grey above in life. Six light longitudinal stripes in juveniles, four of them vanished in adults and just two longitudinal stripes maintained dorsally at middle of dorsum in adults. Small light and black ocelli in regular rows in dorsal surface making white straight lines; the interrupted lines similar to light ocelli laterally; light orange ocelli on the body when alive, turning to black after preserving in alcohol. All ventral surfaces whitish. Paratypes. Eight specimens (RUZM 147–149 and 36–40) including six males [M] and two females [F]. RUZM 147 [M], SVL= 45.94mm; RUZM 148 [F], SVL= 48.10mm; RUZM 149 [F], SVL= 45.65mm; RUZM 36 [M], SVL= 46.28mm; RUZM 37 [M], SVL= 47.58mm; RUZM 38 [M], SVL= 47.39mm; RUZM 39 [M], SVL= 46.95mm; RUZM 40 [M], SVL= 47.32mm. All paratypes were collected at the same locality as the holotype in 25 March 2010 and 18 June 2011. There were trivial pholidotic and measurement differences between holotype and paratypes as follows (for complete measurement characters refer to Table 1). Snout-vent length= 45.6–48.4mm; tail length= 77.3–107.2mm; 78–82 smooth temporal scales; ventral scales relatively imbricate, in 10–12 longitudinal rows and 32–39 ventral series (mean 35.7) in a longitudinal row along the belly between collar and preanal scale; 54–64 dorsal scales (mean 59.3) across middle of back; 16–18 large dorsal scales across dorsum between hindlimbs; 23–27 gular scales (mean 24.9); 19–22 rows of lamella under the 4 th toe; 14–15 rows of lamella under the 4 th finger; 22–26 femoral pores on each side, postmentals bordered by 18– 24 granules; head length 11.7–12.6mm, 1.4 times of head wide, about 26 % snout-vent length; head width 7.7– 8.5mm; forelimbs 19.5–21.6mm, 43 % of snout-vent length; hindlimbs 35.2–37.6mm, about 1.7 times of forelimbs and 79 % of snout-vent length; 12–13 minute collar scales; preanal plates smaller than those of holotype. Habitat. The Khamir port is among the driest areas in southern Iran, with relatively high humidity (75 %) and annual rainfall averaging about 120 mm, air temperature varies from 1 °C during winter to 50 °C during summer. Acanthodactylus khamirensis sp. nov. is found on calcareous mountains at the foothills of mountains around deep valleys, which undergo strong erosion. The habitat is without any vegetation except isolated shrubs with fleshy and needle-like leaves belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae (Peganum sp.) as the only vegetation cover in the area. The lizard can easily take refuge inside these dense bushes. Acanthodactylus khamirensis sp. nov. is approximately distributed in a mountainous habitat on bases with hardened substrate (Fig. 5). The specimens of A. khamirensis were collected during daytime, while running on the ground in relatively cool and fresh air during early morning and late sunset. In spite of frequent visits to the area, no other reptile species was collected or observed as sympatric and/or syntopic with A. khamirensis. Etymology. The species is named after the place and locality where the species has been collected (Khamir Port, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran) and the Latin ‘-ensis,’ meaning ‘from’ or ‘belonging to’.Published as part of Heidari, Nastaran, Pouyani, Nasrullah Rastegar, Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar & Rajabizadeh, Mehdi, 2013, A new species of Acanthodactylus Fitzinger 1834 (Sauria: Lacertidae) from southern Iran, pp. 333-346 in Zootaxa 3722 (3) on pages 335-339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/21644
Deep study on autonomous learning techniques for complex pattern recognition in interconnected information systems
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are being used more and more to handle complex tasks in many different areas. As a result, interconnected information systems are growing, which means that autonomous systems are needed to help them adapt, find complex patterns, and make better decisions in areas like cybersecurity, finance, healthcare, authentication, marketing, and supply chain optimization. Even though there have been improvements in self-learning methods for complex pattern recognition in linked information systems, these studies still do not have a complete taxonomy that sorts these methods by how they can be used in different areas. It is hard to fully understand important factors and do the comparisons that are needed to drive the growth and use of autonomous learning in linked systems because of this gap. Because these methods are becoming more important, new study is looking into how they can be used in different areas. Still, recent study shows that we do not fully understand the environment of other uses for independent learning methods, which encourages us to keep looking into it. We come up with a new classification system that puts applications into six groups: finding cybersecurity threats, finding fraud in finance, diagnosing and monitoring healthcare, biometric authentication, personalized marketing, and optimizing the supply chain in systems that are all connected. The latest developments in this area can be seen by carefully looking at basic factors like pros and cons, modeling setting, and datasets. In particular, the data show that Elsevier and Springer both put out a lot of important papers (26.5 % and 11.8 %, respectively). With rates of 12.9 %, 11 %, and 8 %, respectively, the study shows that accuracy, mobility, and privacy are the most important factors. Tools like Python and MATLAB are now the most popular ways to test possible answers in this growing field
A nano-scale design of Vedic multiplier for electrocardiogram signal processing based on a quantum technology
No full textAn electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electric signals from the heartbeat to diagnose various heart issues; nevertheless, it is susceptible to noise. ECG signal noise must be removed because it significantly affects ECG signal characteristics. In addition, speed and occupied area play a fundamental role in ECG structures. The Vedic multiplier is an essential part of signal processing and is necessary for various applications, such as ECG, clusters, and finite impulse response filter architectures. All ECGs have a Vedic multiplier circuit unit that is necessary for signal processing. The Vedic multiplier circuit always performs multiplication and accumulation steps to execute continuous and complex operations in signal processing programs. Conversely, in the Vedic multiplier framework, the circuit speed and occupied area are the main limitations. Fixing these significant defects can drastically improve the performance of this crucial circuit. The use of quantum technologies is one of the most popular solutions to overcome all previous shortcomings, such as the high occupied area and speed. In other words, a unique quantum technology like quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) can easily overcome all previous shortcomings. Thus, based on quantum technology, this paper proposes a multiplier for ECG using carry skip adder, half-adder, and XOR circuits. All suggested frameworks utilized a single-layer design without rotated cells to increase their operability in complex architectures. All designs have been proposed with a coplanar configuration in view, having an impact on the circuits’ durability and stability. All proposed architectures have been designed and validated with the tool QCADesigner 2.0.3. All designed circuits showed a simple structure with minimum quantum cells, minimum area, and minimum delay with respect to state-of-the-art structures
Application of Analog Adaptive Filters for Dynamic Sensor Compensation
No full textThis paper investigates the application of analog adaptive techniques to the area of dynamic sensor compensation, of which there is little reported work in the literature. The case is illustrated by showing how the response of a load cell can be improved to speed up the process of measurement. The load cell is a sensor with an oscillatory output in which the measurand contributes to the response parameters. Thus, a compensation filter needs to track variation in measurand whereas a simple, fixed filter is only valid at one specific load value. To facilitate this investigation, computer models for the load cell and the adaptive compensation filter have been developed. To allow a practical implementation of the adaptive techniques, a novel piecewise linearization technique is proposed in order to vary a floating voltage-controlled resistor in a linear manner over a wide range. Simulation and practical results are presented, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques
Branding the 'Beur' Author Minority Writing and the Media in France
No full textThis book reconsiders authorship by the descendants of North African immigrants to France by consulting how these authors' novels have been discussed and promoted in the national audio-visual media.Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Illustrations -- 1. Authorship at a Crossroads -- 2. Mehdi Charef and the Invention of Beur Writing -- 3. Competing Visions of Minority Authorship -- 4. Eyewitness Narratives and the Creation of the Beurette -- 5. Rachid Djaïdani and the Shift from Beur to Banlieue Writing -- 6. Revising the Beurette Label -- 7. Sabri Louatah and the Collectif Qui Fait la France? -- Works Cited -- IndexThis book reconsiders authorship by the descendants of North African immigrants to France by consulting how these authors' novels have been discussed and promoted in the national audio-visual media.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Thermo-Mechanical Buckling and Non-Linear Free Oscillation of Functionally Graded Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminated (FG-FRCL) Beams
No full textWe investigated the thermal buckling temperature and nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded fiber-reinforced composite laminated (FG-FRCL) beams. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations were derived from the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, accounting for the von Kármán geometrical nonlinearity. Such equations were then reduced to a single equation by neglecting the axial inertia. Thus, the Galerkin method was applied to discretize the governing nonlinear partial differential equation in the form of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, which was then solved analytically according to the He’s variational method. Three different boundary conditions were selected, namely simply, clamped and clamped-free supports. We also investigated the effect of power-index, lay-ups, and uniform temperature rise on the nonlinear natural frequency, phase trajectory and thermal buckling of FG-FRCL beams. The results showed that FG-FRCL beams featured the highest fundamental frequency, whereas composite laminated beams were characterized by the lowest fundamental frequency. Such nonlinear frequencies increase for an increased power index and a decreased temperature. Finally, it was found that FG-FRCL beams with [0/0/0] lay-ups featured the highest nonlinear natural frequency and the highest thermal buckling temperature, followed by [0/90/0] and [90/0/90] lay-ups, while a [90/90/90] lay-up featured the lowest nonlinear natural frequency and critical buckling temperature
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