1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
골관절염 치료를 위해 제2형 콜라젠 특이적 조절 T세포를 유도하는 나노입자
Full text link학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 화학생물공학부, 2023. 2. 김병수.골관절염(osteoarthritis)은 류머티즘 관절염과 함께 가장 대표적인 관절질환으로 알려져 있다. 골관절염은 병증진행과 함께 관절 주변 골의 과잉 형성, 관절 변형과 통증 및 점진적 운동 장애를 동반한다. 현재 전 세계 55세 이상 인구의 약 80%와 75세 이상 고령 인구의 거의 대부분이 퇴행성관절염 소견을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라의 경우, 사회의 고령화가 급속도로 진행됨에 따라 골관절염으로 인한 통증을 호소하는 인구가 점차 증가하고 있으며, 노령인구에서뿐 아니라 젊은 인구 층에서도 환경적, 유전적 요인으로 인해 골관절염 발생이 증가하면서 골관절염으로 인한 의료비 지출 역시 빠른 속도로 증가하고 있는 추세이다.
현재까지 알려진 골관절염 치료방법으로는 항 염증성 약물투여, 생활 및 식습관을 개선하는 비약물요법 그리고 침습적 방법으로 관절을 수술하는 외래적 치료방법이 있다. 비스테로이드성 항염증 약물의 경우, 염증완화를 통한 통증 감소에는 효과적이나 위장관 부작용이 발생할 수 있고, 이 대안으로 사용된 약물인 COX-2 저해제의 경우는 심혈관계 부작용 및 위장관 손상을 일으킬 수 있다. 또한 외래적 수술방법의 경우, 효과적으로 통증의 원인을 제거할 수 있으나, 관절의 상태와 인공관절의 상태에 따라 재수술 가능성의 부담이 존재한다.
대개, 골관절염은 물리적 요인이 원인인 것으로 알려져 있으나, 최근 다수 논문들을 통해 골관절염에 면역체계가 관여하는 것이 알려지면서, 골관절염에서의 면역세포 작용의 이해 및 이를 바탕으로 한 면역조절이 중요성을 갖게 되었다.
본 연구에서는 제 2형 콜라겐 펩타이드 및 라파마이신을 담지하는 면역조절 나노입자를 골관절염 치료에 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 제 2형 콜라겐 펩타이드 및 라파마이신을 담지한 나노입자는 관용 수지상 세포를 유도시키고, 더 나아가 항원특이적 항염증성 조절 T 세포를 유도시켰다. 또한 관절에서 발생하는 염증성 면역세포에 의한 염증반응을 감소시키면서, 염증반응으로 수반되는 연골 파괴 및 통증을 완화시켰다. 주조직적합성 복합체 클래스 II에 항원을 제시하는 관용 수지상 세포 및 항원특이적 조절 T 세포가 골관절염 치료효과를 갖는지 여부를 확인하지 위해 각 세포를 이용한 입양전달 실험을 추가적으로 실시하였고, 그 결과 추가적인 나노입자의 주입 없이도 골관절염이 완화되는 것을 확인하였다.
종합하여, 우리는 제 2형 콜라겐 펩타이드 및 라파마이신을 담지한 면역조절 나노입자가 골관절염에 치료효능을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 나노입자는 더 나아가 골관절염뿐 아니라, 제 2형 콜라겐 펩타이드 대신 다른 질병 항원을 담지 시키면 심근경색, 뇌경색, 척추손상 등의 염증성 질환 또는 아토피, 류마티스관절염, 1형 당뇨병, 크론병, 루푸스 등 자가면역질환의 치료제로서도 활용할 수 있다.Osteoarthritis (OA) is known as the most representative joint disease along with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OA is accompanied by excessive formation of bone around the joint, joint deformation and pain. Currently, it is known that about 80 % of the worlds population over the age of 55 and almost most of the population over the age of 75 show signs of OA. In the case of Korea, with rapid aging rate of the society, the number of people complaining of pain due to OA is gradually increasing. As a result, medical expenses are also increasing at a rapid pace. The known treatments for OA include administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, non-pharmacologic therapy to improve lifestyle and eating habits, and invasive joint replacement surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in reducing pain through alleviation of inflammation, but gastrointestinal side effects may occur, and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor may cause cardiovascular side effects and gastrointestinal damage. Also, in the case of surgery, the cause of pain can be effectively removed, but there is a burden of possibility of reoperation depending on the condition of both the joint and the artificial joint.
In general, OA is known to be caused by wear of cartilage. However, recent articles revealed that immune system is involved in progression of OA. Therefore, understanding the immune modulation based on the action of immune cells in OA has become important.
Here, we describe an immune-modulating nanoparticle for OA treatment. Intradermal injection of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with type II collagen (Col II) and rapamycin (LNP-Col II-R) into OA mice effectively induced Col II-specific anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells, significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and reduced inflammatory immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the joints. Consequently, LNP-Col II-R injection inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix degradation and relieved pain, while injection of LNPs loaded with a control peptide and rapamycin did not induce these events. Adoptive transfer of CD 11c+ DCs and CD4+CD25+ T cells isolated from LNP-Col II-R-injected mice suggested that tDCs and Tregs induced by LNP-Col II-R injection were likely responsible for the therapeutic effects.
Taken together, we confirmed that immunomodulatory nanoparticles carrying type II collagen peptide and rapamycin showed therapeutic effects on OA. In addition to OA, the nanoparticles used in this experiment can be used for other inflammatory diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, spinal cord injury, or for autoimmune diseases such as atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, or Crohns disease by substituting the antigen for disease-specific antigens.Chapter 1. Research backgrounds and objective 1
1.1. Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) 2
1.1.1. Heterogeneity of OA 2
1.1.2. OA, a low-grade inflammatory disease 2
1.1.3. Autoantibodies in OA 5
1.2. Conventional therapies for OA and limitations 6
1.3. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs): potential clinical agent 8
1.3.1 Lipid nanoparticles 8
1.3.2. Lipid nanoparticles as an alternative therapy for OA treatment 9
1.4. Cell-nanoparticle interactions 10
1.5. Research objective of thesis 11
Chapter 2. Experimental methods 13
2.1. Cell isolation and culture 14
2.2. Preparation and characterization of materials 14
2.2.1. Preparation of type II collagen peptides 15
2.2.2. Characterization of type II collagen peptides 15
2.2.3. Preparation of type II collagen peptides and rapamycin incorporated LNPs (LNP-Col II-R) 15
2.2.4. Characterization of LNP-Col II-R 16
2.3. In vitro assays 17
2.3.1. Nanoparticle addition to DC cultures 17
2.3.2. Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) induction in vitro 18
2.3.3. Quantitative PCR and analysis of RNA 18
2.3.4. Evaluation of cellular viability 19
2.3.5. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 19
2.3.6. Flow cytometry 20
2.3.7. Immunocytochemistry 21
2.4. In vivo assays 21
2.4.1. OA model and treatment 21
2.4.2. Ex vivo biodistribution of NVs 22
2.4.3. Antigen-specific Treg induction in vivo 23
2.4.4. Autoantibody level against type II collagen in blood serum 24
2.4.5. Histology and immunohistological assessment in vivo 24
2.4.6. Apoptosis assessment in vivo 26
2.4.7. Whole joint PCR 26
2.4.8. Pain evaluation 26
2.4.9. Adoptive transfer of Tregs to OA mice 27
2.4.10. Adoptive transfer of CD11c+ DCs to OA mice 27
2.4.11. Evaluation of in vivo toxicity 28
2.5. Statistical analysis 28
Chapter 3. Nanoparticle-mediated induction of type II collagen-specific regulatory T cells for osteoarthritis treatment 30
3.1. Introduction 31
3.2. Results and discussion 34
3.2.1. Characterization of LNP-Col II-R 34
3.2.2. Cellular uptake of LNP-Col II-R in vitro 38
3.2.3. Induction of tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) in vitro 40
3.2.4. Antigen-specific Treg induction in vitro 42
3.2.5. Biodistribution of LNP-Col II-R in vivo 46
3.2.6. Chondroprotective effects of LNP-Col II-R in vivo 49
3.2.7. LNP-Col II-R mediated immune modulation in the synovium of OA mice 55
3.2.8. Therapeutic effects of adoptive cell transfer to OA mice 59
3.2.9. Cytotoxicity of LNP-Col II-R in vivo 61
Chapter 4. Conclusions and future studies 65
References 70
요약 (국문초록) 81박
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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