127,360 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mechanosensitive Transcription Factors Involved in Endothelin B Receptor Expression
No full textGrowing evidence suggests an involvement of the endothelin B receptor (ETB-R) in blood pressure-dependent arterial remodeling. To study the molecular mechanisms leading to deformation-induced ETB-R expression, we have cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells on flexible elastomers and, when grown to 70% confluence, periodically stretched them for 6 h (15% elongation, 0.5 Hz). The cells responded with an increase both in ETB-R mRNA (12-fold compared with control) and protein (4-fold). According to nuclear run-on analysis this increase in ETB-R expression occurred at the level of transcription. Among various kinase pathways, Rho kinase (ROCK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mediated part of the deformation-induced increase in ETB-R expression, as judged by the inhibitory effect of Y27632 (1 mum, 38% inhibition) and SB202190 (10 mum, 44% inhibition), respectively. Gel shift assaying of the three transcription factors principally activated by these kinases revealed a transient deformation-induced activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), but not activating transcription factor, that was sensitive to both Y27632 and SB212190. The potential role of AP-1 and C/EBP in deformation-induced ETB-R expression was verified both by using decoy oligodeoxynucleotides mimicking the DNA-binding sites of these transcription factors and a nuclear run-on-based assay employing specific antibodies directed against AP-1 and C/EBP. Both techniques unequivocally demonstrated that activation of these transcription factors, namely that of C/EBP beta, contribute to the increase of ETB-R gene expression in response to cyclic stretch
CD154/CD40-Mediated Expression of CD154 in Endothelial Cells: Consequences for Endothelial Cell–Monocyte Interaction
No full textObjective-CD40 ligand (CD154) expressed on activated T helper cells is a key costimulatory molecule for antigen-presenting cells expressing the corresponding receptor CD40. Moreover, CD40 stimulation in nonimmune cells, such as endothelial cells, may play an important role in atherogenesis. One gene product that is induced in endothelial cells on exposure to CD154 is CD154 itself. Methods and Results-In human primary cultured endothelial cells, constitutive CD154 expression was virtually absent and insensitive to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and/ or interferon-gamma. However, CD154 expression was markedly induced, both on the mRNA and protein level, after CD40 stimulation. Moreover, CD40-positive human monocytes (THP-1 cell line) transmigrating through CD154-expressing endothelial cells responded with an increased expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA, indicative of their activation. This increase in IL-1beta expression was confirmed on the protein level and could be abrogated by prior treatment of the endothelial cells with a neutralizing anti-CD154 antibody. Conclusions-By way of CD154-induced CD154 expression, human endothelial cells thus seem capable of influencing the progression of proinflammatory reactions, including atherogenesis through activation of extravasating monocytes
ACE inhibitor and AT(1) antagonist blockade of deformation-induced gene expression in the rabbit jugular vein through B-2 receptor activation
No full textDeformation-induced endothelin-1 synthesis in endothelial cells may contribute to the intimal hyperplasia of venous bypass grafts. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists are capable of reducing vein graft disease. Therefore, the effects of these drugs on endothelial preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1) and smooth muscle endothelin B receptor (ETB-R) expression were investigated in isolated perfused segments of the rabbit jugular vein. Pretreatment with ramiprilat (0.3 mu mol/L) or irbesartan (0.01 to 1 mu mol/L) had no effect on basal ppET-1 or ETB-R expression but markedly attenuated the deformation-induced expression of these gene products, and these effects were reversed by the B-2 receptor antagonist icatibant (Hoe 140) and by the NO synthase inhibitor N-G-nitro-L-arginine. Candesartan (1 mu mol/L) mimicked the inhibitory effect of irbesartan, Moreover, reporter gene analysis with a rat ppET-1 promoter-luciferase construct transiently transfected into porcine aortic cultured endothelial cells revealed that the inhibitory effect of both ramiprilat and irbesartan on deformation-induced ppET-1 expression is species independent and mediated at the level of transcription. In addition, RT-PCR analysis detected only AT(1) receptor expression in the endothelium-intact rabbit jugular vein, and neither irbesartan nor ramiprilat affected endothelial NO synthase expression. Thus, ACE inhibitors and AT(1) receptor antagonists are capable of suppressing deformation-induced gene expression in the vessel wall in both an autocrine (ppET-1) and a paracrine (ETB-R) manner via a common mechanism of action that constitutes a B-2 receptor-mediated increase in endothelial NO release
ACE inhibitor and AT(1) antagonist blockade of deformation-induced gene expression in the rabbit jugular vein through B-2 receptor activation
No full textDeformation-induced endothelin-1 synthesis in endothelial cells may contribute to the intimal hyperplasia of venous bypass grafts. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists are capable of reducing vein graft disease. Therefore, the effects of these drugs on endothelial preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1) and smooth muscle endothelin B receptor (ETB-R) expression were investigated in isolated perfused segments of the rabbit jugular vein. Pretreatment with ramiprilat (0.3 mu mol/L) or irbesartan (0.01 to 1 mu mol/L) had no effect on basal ppET-1 or ETB-R expression but markedly attenuated the deformation-induced expression of these gene products, and these effects were reversed by the B-2 receptor antagonist icatibant (Hoe 140) and by the NO synthase inhibitor N-G-nitro-L-arginine. Candesartan (1 mu mol/L) mimicked the inhibitory effect of irbesartan, Moreover, reporter gene analysis with a rat ppET-1 promoter-luciferase construct transiently transfected into porcine aortic cultured endothelial cells revealed that the inhibitory effect of both ramiprilat and irbesartan on deformation-induced ppET-1 expression is species independent and mediated at the level of transcription. In addition, RT-PCR analysis detected only AT(1) receptor expression in the endothelium-intact rabbit jugular vein, and neither irbesartan nor ramiprilat affected endothelial NO synthase expression. Thus, ACE inhibitors and AT(1) receptor antagonists are capable of suppressing deformation-induced gene expression in the vessel wall in both an autocrine (ppET-1) and a paracrine (ETB-R) manner via a common mechanism of action that constitutes a B-2 receptor-mediated increase in endothelial NO release
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Mitschriften der Vorträge zur Renaissance von Paul Friedrich Krell durch Adolf Hecker im Wintersemester 1872/73
No full textMITSCHRIFTEN DER VORTRÄGE ZUR RENAISSANCE VON PAUL FRIEDRICH KRELL DURCH ADOLF HECKER IM WINTERSEMESTER 1872/73
Mitschriften und Skripte von Vorlesungen an der Technischen Hochschule und Universität Stuttgart (-)
Mitschrift des Fachs Straßen- Brücken- und Wasserbau von [Gustav Adolf] Breymann durch Louis Mörike 1846/47 (Bd. 46, 1846-1847) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Ingenieurwissenschaft von [Adolf Hänel] um 1865 (Bd. 25, 1865) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Mechanik und Maschinenbau von [Christian] Müller durch Wilhelm Gebhardt vom Wintersemester 1866/67 bis Sommersemester 1867 (Bd. 1, 1866-1867) ([1])
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Maschinenbau von [Christian] Müller durch Wilhelm Gebhardt vom Wintersemester 1866/67 bis Sommersemester 1867 (Bd. 2, 1866-1867) ([1])
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Baukonstruktionslehre von [Alexander] Tritschler durch Wilhelm Gebhardt vom Wintersemester 1867/68 bis Sommersemester 1868 (Bd. 3, 1867-1868) ([1])
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen von [Eduard] Sonne und [Johannes] Maehrlen vom Wintersemester 1868/69 bis 1970 (Bd. 4, 1868-1870) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Niedere Analysis von [Carl] Reuschle durch R. Graner im Wintersemester 1872/73 (Bd. 5, 1872-1873) (1)
Mitschriften der Vorträge zur Renaissance von Paul Friedrich Krell durch Adolf Hecker im Wintersemester 1872/73 (Bd. 44, 1872-1873) (1)
Geschichte der italienischen und französischen Renaissance. Wintersemester 1872/73 (1)
[unbekannter Titel]. 19. Nov 1872 (13)
[2ter Vortrag Dr. Krell]. 30. Okt 1872 (25)
Die Hochrenaissance (37)
Colour checker (48)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Baugeschichte von [Robert] Reinhardt durch Wilhelm Hanauer 1876-1877 (Bd. 45, 1876-1877) ([1])
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen von [Georg Friedrich] Laissle durch B. Andelfinger um 1877 (Bd. 28, 1877) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Technische Mechanik [von Edmund Authenrieth durch B. Andelfinger] um 1877 (Bd. 16, 1877) (1)
Mitschriften der Vorlesungen zu Bauconstructionen von [Conrad] Dollinger und Brückenbau von [Adolf] Hänel durch B. Andelfinger um 1877 (Bd. 20, 1877) (1)
Preisaufgaben der Abteilung für allgemein bildende Fächer an der TH Stuttgart 1883/84 (Bd. 41, 1883-1884) (3)
Preisaufgaben der Abteilung für allgemein bildende Fächer an der Technischen Hochschule Stuttgart 1891/92 (Bd. 42, 1891-1892) (-)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Technische Mechanik von Edmund Authenrieth durch Alfred Nägele 1891-1895 (Bd. 13, 1891-1895) (7)
Aufgaben und Lösungen für Mathematik, Geometrie und Trigonometrie 1891-1894 (Bd. 37, 1891-1894) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Praktische Astronomie von Ernst Hammer 1893-1905 (Bd. 12, 1893-1905) (3)
Aufgaben und Lösungen für Mathematik und Geometrie 1893-1895 (Bd. 38, 1893-1895) (1)
Aufgaben und Lösungen für Mathematik und Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Höhere Mathematik 1894-1897 (Bd. 39, 1894-1897) (1)
Preisaufgaben von [Karl] Frank der Abteilung für allgemein bildende Fächer an der Technischen Hochschule Stuttgart 1895 (Bd. 43, 1895) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen von [Georg Friedrich] Laißle und [Otto] Lueger durch Alfred Nägele 1895-1897 (Bd. 27, 1895-1897) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Differential- und Integralrechnung von Carl Reuschle durch Alfred Nägele 1895 (Bd. 6, 1895) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Praktische Geometrie durch Alfred Nägele vom Wintersemester 1895/96 bis Sommersemester 1896 (Bd. 11, 1895-1896) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen von [Adolf] Göller durch Alfred Nägele 1895-1897 (Bd. 18, 1895-1897) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Elektrotechnik von Wilhelm Dietrich durch W. Häbich um 1895 (Bd. 33, 1895) (33)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Mechanische Wärmetheorie von Jacob Johann Weyrauch durch Ludwig Kieninger (Bd. 22, 1896) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Analytische Theorie der Ingenieurkonstruktionen von Jacob Johann Weyrauch durch Alfred Nägele 1896/97 (Bd. 17, 1896-1897) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Dynamik und Hydraulik von [Edmund] Autenrieth durch Ludwig Kieninger im Sommersemester 1897 (Bd. 14, 1897) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Mechanische Technologien von [Johann Zeman] durch [Ludwig Kieninger] im Wintersemester 1897/98 (Bd. 15, 1897-1898) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Technische Baukonstruktionslehre von [Conrad Dollinger] und Geodäsie von [Ernst Hammer] durch Ludwig Kieninger 1897-1899 (Bd. 19, 1897) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Encyklopädie der Ingenieurwissenschaft von [Adolf Hänel] durch Ludwig Kieninger im Wintersemester 1897/98 (Bd. 26, 1897) (1)
Mitschrift zu Allgemeine Elektrotechnik und Elektrotechnische Messkunde von [Wilhelm Dietrich] durch Ludwig Kieninger 1897-1900 (Bd. 34, 1897-1900) (1)
Mitschrift [von Ludwig Kieninger] der Vorlesungen zur Elastizitätslehre [von Professor Albert Bantlin] und Maschinenelemente [von Professor Adolf Ernst] 1897 - 1900 (Bd. 35, 1897-1900) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen von [Johann Zeman, Otto Johannsen und Carl Häussermann] durch [Ludwig Kieninger] 1897-1900 (Bd. 36, 1897-1900) (3)
Mitschrift der Vorlesungen zu Differentialrechnung, Integralrechnungen und Differentialgleichungen von [Carl] Reuschle durch [Alfred Nägele] 1898 (Bd. 7, 1898) (2)
Sammlung von Umdrucken zu den [Übungen der Vorlesungen] von [Anton Edler von] Braunmühl, [Martin] Näbauer, [Heinrich] Liebmann und [Wilhelm] Kutta zu Algebra und Trigonometrie vom Wintersemester 1900/01 bis Wintersemester 1911/12 an der Technischen Hochschule München (Bd. 8, 1900-1912) (5)
Tabellen für Dampfmaschinen um 1900 (Bd. 29, 1900) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Mechanische Wärmetheorie von Jacob [Johann] Weyrauch durch Hans Herrmann 1902/03 (Bd. 21, 1902-1903) (3)
Sammlung von Umdrucken zu den [Übungen der Vorlesungen] von [Sebastian] Finsterwalder, [Walther] von Dyck und [Heinrich] Burkhardt zu Höhere Mathematik vom Wintersemester 1908/09 bis Sommersemester 1912 an der Technischen Hochschule München. (Bd. 9, 1908-1912) (5)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Wasserbau von A. Stäbler im Sommersemester 1914 (Bd. 47, 1914) (1)
Skript der Vorlesung zum Entwerfen der Indikatordiagramme von Mehrzylindermaschinen von Albert Bantlin 1922 (Bd. 40, 1922) (1)
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Thermodynamik von [Paul Peter] Ewald im Sommersemester 1925 (Bd. 23, 1925) ([1])
Mitschrift der Vorlesung zu Atomlehre [von Paul Peter Ewald durch H. Hertlein] im Wintersemester 1925/26 (Bd. 24, 1925-1926) (3
Joseph als ein Vorbild Jesu Christi und seine Brüder als ein Bild bußfertiger Sünder : wurde in der Früh-Predigt am 2. Sonntage in der Fasten 1747 aus I. B. Mosis 45, v. 3 - 5. betrachtet und nunmehro auf Verlangen dem Druck übergeben
No full textvon Andreas Petrus Hecker, Früh-Predigern zu St. Marien in StargardAutopsie nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Stettin, gedruckt bey Johann Friderich Spiegeln, Königl. Regierungs- und Gymnasii Buchdrucker
Induction of Egr-1 and c-jun by laminar shear stress in human endothelial cells is mediated by endothelin receptor
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