1,721,083 research outputs found
The Effect of Perceived Regional Accents on Individual Economic Behavior: A Lab Experiment on Linguistic Performance, Cognitive Ratings and Economic Decisions
Full text linkDoes it matter if you speak with a regional accent? Speaking immediately reveals something of one's own social and cultural identity, be it consciously or unconsciously. Perceiving accents involves not only reconstructing such imprints but also augmenting them with particular attitudes and stereotypes. Even though we know much about attitudes and stereotypes that are transmitted by, e.g. skin color, names or physical attractiveness, we do not yet have satisfactory answers how accent perception affects human behavior. How do people act in economically relevant contexts when they are confronted with regional accents? This paper reports a laboratory experiment where we address this question. Participants in our experiment conduct cognitive tests where they can choose to either cooperate or compete with a randomly matched male opponent identified only via his rendering of a standardized text in either a regional accent or standard accent. We find a strong connection between the linguistic performance and the cognitive rating of the opponent. When matched with an opponent who speaks the accent of the participant's home region the in-group opponent , individuals tend to cooperate significantly more often. By contrast, they are more likely to compete when matched with an accent speaker from outside their home region, the out-group opponent. Our findings demonstrate, firstly, that the perception of an out-group accent leads not only to social discrimination but also influences economic decisions. Secondly, they suggest that this economic behavior is not necessarily attributable to the perception of a regional accent per se, but rather to the social rating of linguistic distance and the in-group/out-group perception it evokes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The effect of the internet on voting behavior
No full textThe internet has transformed the way in which voters access and receive political information, such that it has circumvented the filtering of information previously undertaken by editorial offices. Consequently, consumers have had to learn how to filter relevant information themselves. The introduction phase of the internet coincided with a decreasing voter turnout, possibly due to “information overload” or less-focused political information. However, the subsequent rise of social media may help reverse the negative effect on turnout. But this poses challenges for regulatory policy. Understanding the internet’s effects on the consumption of information is also relevant for how voters view labor policies
Self-Reliant Individuals and Pro-Active Companies
Full text linkDie Arbeit setzt sich aus acht Kapiteln zusammen, die jeweils auf eigenständigen Beiträgen basieren. Die Beiträge insgesamt beschäftigen sich mit der Fragestellung, wie der Nationalstaat, die Individuen und die Unternehmen gemeinsam aktuellen wirtschafts- und sozialpolitischen Herausforderungen begegnen können. Dabei werden in jedem Beitrag die Interaktionen von mindestens zwei der drei Akteure (Staat, Individuen und Unternehmen) betrachtet. Dem liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, dass die mit der Globalisierung verbundenen Herausforderungen nicht durch den Nationalstaat alleine gelöst werden können. Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint ein public-private-partnership verstanden als eine gemeinschaftliche Kooperation zwischen dem Nationalstaat, eigenverantwortlich handelnden Individuen und pro-aktiven Unternehmen eine zukunftsweisende Strategie zu sein.In this era of "globalization," it seems to be commonly accepted and believed that companies search for the cheapest production facilities, in terms of labor costs and regulations, with at least one result being increased pressure on individuals, e.g., unskilled workers, and institutions, e.g., the social insurance system in Germany. However, in this contribution it is argued that this pressure is the result of missed or inappropriate reforms, rather than due to globalization. Two strategies are presented that could reduce the pressure on individuals and institutions in the future. The first of these is a return to individual self-reliance and the second strategy focuses on companies. Indeed, there are strong incentives for companies to act in line with society's demands, i.e., to pursue corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. Altogether, these strategies might lead to an all-embracing public-private-partnership as an adequate reaction the new challenges caused by an increasingly globalized world. Along this line of argumentation, there are eight sections dealing with the interaction of at least two of the three actors, i.e. the public sector, individuals, and companies
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