106,747 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measurement of the and production rate and the contribution in the lepton+jets final state at = 8 TeV with the CMS detector
No full textThis thesis presents the measurement of the associated production of a top-quark pair with at least two additional jets. The analysis utilizes the semi-leptonic decay of top-quark pairs with a final state containing one lepton plus jets. The production rates of top-quark pairs with at least two additional jets of any flavour () or b-jets () are measured using a dataset collected by the CMS experiment at LHC during the 2012 data-taking with a center-of-mass energy of TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of . The analysis is performed in different categories split according to the jet multiplicity. The jets from the decay of the top-quark pair are identified using a constrained kinematic fit and multivariate classifiers trained with simulations. The contributions of the and productions are extracted with a simultaneous fit using b-tag discriminant templates obtained from simulations. The jet flavour is defined on generator level as the flavour of the leading quark inside the jet cone. The measurements are done with two different thresholds on the transverse momentum of the jets: 30 GeV and 50 GeV. This enables the investigation of soft and hard QCD effects as well as a comparison with theoretical predictions and experimental measurements in the dilepton final state. To ensure that the reconstructed jets are covered by the phase space on generator level, the phase space is defined at generator level for additional jets that are not coming from the top-quark-pair decay as: 40 GeV, . The measured cross sections are:\begin{align*}\sigma(\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}) &=271 \pm 103(stat.)\pm 32(syst.)\pm 7(lumi.)\,\mathrm{fb} \\\sigma(\mathrm{t\bar{t}jj}) &=23.1 \pm 2.3(stat.)\pm 2.9(syst.)\pm 0.6(lumi.)\,\mathrm{pb}. \end{align*}The ratio of the cross sections is:\begin{align*}\sigma_{\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}}/\sigma_{\mathrm{t\bar{t}jj}}=0.0117 \pm 0.0040(stat.) \pm 0.0003(syst.).\end{align*} The cross sections increase when lowering the requirement on the transverse momentum of the additional jets to 20 GeV:\begin{align*}\sigma(\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}) =1010\pm 273(stat.)\pm119(syst.)\pm26(lumi.)\,\mathrm{fb}\\\sigma(\mathrm{t\bar{t}jj})=71.7 \pm 5.7(stat.)\pm 8.5(syst.)\pm 1.9(lumi.)\,\mathrm{pb}\end{align*}with a resulting ratio of the cross sections of:\begin{align*}\sigma_{\mathrm{t\bar{t}b\bar{b}}}/\sigma_{\mathrm{t\bar{t}jj}}=0.0141 \pm 0.0034(stat.) \pm 0.0003(syst.).\end{align*}The measured cross sections and their ratios are in good agreement with analytical NLO calculations. The relative changes of the cross sections depending on the jet agree with the simulation predictions. The cross sections are also calculated for another jet flavour definition, where the presence of any b-hadron inside the jet cone defines a b-jet on generator level. The presented results obtained for production in the semi-leptonic decay of top-quark pairs are in good agreement with the existing CMS analysis in the dilepton final state that used this b-jet definition, while the cross sections between these analyses deviate by .The contribution of the Higgs boson production to the final state is estimated by using multivariate classifiers that separate the and contributions. No signal is observed for the given statistics. The expected confidence level (CL) upper limit on /, the production rate with respect to the Standard Model predictions, is 5.3 with 1(2) range of [3.7(2.7) - 7.8(11.4)]. The observed 95 CL upper limit excludes
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
Acoustic radiation due to scattering of T-S wave by the mean-flow distortion induced by steady local suction
No full textSubstantial sound waves can be generated by boundary-layer instability modes when the latter are scattered by a rapid mean-flow distortion. This is a rather generic mechanism and operates when an oncoming T-S wave is scattered by a steady local suction slot. This paper focuses on this problem by extending a recently developed Local Scattering Theory (Wu & Dong, J. Fluid Mech. submitted), where a so-called transmission coefficient, defined as the ratio of the T-S wave amplitude downstream of the scatter to that upstream, is introduced to characterize the effect of a local scatter on boundary-layer instability and transition. As in the earlier work, the mathematical formulation is based on triple-deck formulism, but in order to accommodate the acoustic far field, which was not considered in the paper mentioned, the unsteady terms in the upper deck, which play a leading-order role in radiation, are retained, and the influence of the radiated sound on the near-wall perturbation is included. The upper deck equation for the pressure is the Helmholtz equation rather than the Laplace equation. This leads to a modified pressure-displacement relation, which is coupled with the linearized boundary-layer equations in the lower deck. Discretization of the whole system formulates a generalized eigenvalue problem, which is solved numerically. It is found that suction suppresses oncoming T-S waves, and this effect increases with the suction velocity and the slot width. The directivity is ndependent of the flow parameters only when the Mach number is low. The intensity of the radiated sound in general increases with the frequency, the suction velocity and the width of the suction slot. Interestingly, for O(1) suction velocities, the radiated sound is very weak, indicating that the gain of stabilizing effect does not cause aeroacoustic penalty
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