1,720,954 research outputs found
Prospects of Bioethanol from Estuarine Macroalgae
No full textBurgeoning dependence on fossil fuels for transport and industrial sectors has been posing challenges such as depletion of fossil fuel reserves, enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, and imminent changes in the climate, etc. Fossil fuels are regarded as unsustainable and questionable from economic, ecology and environmental point of view. Therefore, the pursuit for an environmentally benign and sustainable source of energy started with the advent of oil crisis in 1970, major focus of energy policies shifted to biofuel production from renewable resources. Biofuels minimizes the fossil fuel burning and CO2 production, as it is produced from biomass such as plants or organic waste, thereby decreasing the dependence on oil. The review on evolution of biofuel production from first to second-generation feedstock revealed that the process requires higher concentration of chemical usage due to the presence of lignin. In addition, this feedstock requires arable land and freshwater source for their large-scale cultivation. Recent studies on biofuels indicate that algal biomass; particularly from marine macroalgae (or seaweeds) have the potential to supplement oil fuel
Macroalgae with higher concentration of varied carbohydrates (constituting as a source of energy) are emerging as a potential and renewable feedstock towards sustainable biofuel production due to their higher growth rate and availability. Macroalgal biomass cultivation with biorefinery approaches not only aid in empowering rural women with the better economic prospects, but also aid in addressing strategic energy security of the nation. Ceasing of cultivation of salt tolerant paddy and recurring losses with the prawn cultivation (due to viral diseases); have forced abandoning of gazni lands, which can now be used for large-scale cultivation of macroalgae. Macroalgae biomass with higher composition of carbohydrates is relatively higher in gazni, ponds compared to natural rocky shores. In addition, harvesting of algal feedstock in gazni ponds is economical compared to sparsely distributed macroalgae in rocky stretches of the region. Biorefinery approach of macroalgae and macroalgal cultivation for this purpose in Aghanashini estuary could be a good income-generating proposition for the fishermen as well as aid in empowering coastal wome
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges
No full textBurgeoning dependence on fossil fuels for transport and industrial sectors has been posing challenges such as depletion of fossil fuel reserves, enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, with the imminent changes in the climate, etc. This has necessitated an exploration of sustainable, eco-friendly and carbon neutral energy alternatives. Recent studies on biofuels indicate that algal biomass, particularly from marine macroalgae (seaweeds) have the potential to supplement oil fuel. Marine macroalgae are fast growing and carbohydrate rich biomass having advantage over other biofuel feedstock in terms of land dependence, freshwater requirements, not competing with food crops, which were the inherent drawback of the first- and second-generation feedstock. The present communication reviews the macroalgal feedstock availability, screening and selection of viable feedstock based on the biochemical composition, process involved, scope and opportunities in bioethanol production as well as technology interventions. The prospect of bioethanol production from algal feedstock of Central West Coast of India has been evaluated taking into account challenges (feedstock sustenance, technical feasibility, economic viability) in order to achieve energy sustainability. The green algae exhibited growth during all seasons and highest total carbohydrate was recorded from green seaweed Ulva lactuca (62.15 +/- 12.8%). Elemental (CHN) analyses of seaweed samples indicate 25.31-37.95% of carbon, 4.52-6.48% hydrogen and 1.88-4.36% Nitrogen. Highest carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content were recorded respectively from G.pusillum (C: 37.95%), G. pusillum (H: 6.48%) and E.intestinalis (N: 4.36%). Green seaweeds are rich in cellulose content (>10%) compared to other seaweeds (2-10%). Higher cellulose content was estimated in U.lactuca (14.03 +/- 0.14%), followed by E. intestinalis (12.10 +/- 0.53%) and C.media (10.53 +/- 0.17%). Cellulose is a glucan present in green seaweeds, which can easily be hydrolysed through enzyme and subsequently fermented to produce bioethanol. Lower sugar removal in acid hydrolysate neutralization process (Na2CO3) was recorded in U.lactuca (39.8%) and E.intestinalis (14.7%). Highest ethanol yield of 1.63 g and 0.49 g achieving 25.8% and 77.4% efficiency in SHF (Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation) and SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) process respectively was recorded for green alga E. intestinalis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
