1,721,026 research outputs found
Abstract 1288: Telomere length genetic risk score is associated with breast cancer risk
No full textAbstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified associations of telomere maintenance genes with breast cancer risk. This, coupled with the recognized role of telomere dysfunction as a cancer hallmark, has motivated the need for further study of telomeres and breast cancer. Further, the meta-GWAS discovery of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with telomere length (TL) enables the use of an aggregated genetic risk score (GRS) for TL. We hypothesized that a higher GRS (representing shorter TL) would be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, and that a strengthened association may exist between higher TL GRS and aggressive breast cancer risk.
Methods: In a race/ethnically diverse sample of invasive breast cancer cases (N=1,108) and non-cases (N=20,023) from the Women’s Health Initiative, we derived an unweighted TL GRS using seven previously identified TL-associated SNPs. Women were postmenopausal and the average age at enrollment was 63.9 years. We tested TL GRS associations with overall breast cancer risk and for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and her2/neu (HER2) status-specific breast cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and race/ethnicity (in the entire sample) and age in strata of European American (EA; N=9,796), African American (AA; N=7,504), and Hispanic American (HA; N=3,229) women. We also considered reproductive risk factors, family history of breast cancer, hormone therapy, tumor characteristics, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and US region as potential confounders.
Results: We observed a small but statistically significant association between higher TL GRS (shorter TL) and reduced risk of overall breast cancer in the entire sample (HR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-1.00). Results of race/ethnicity-stratified analyses for TL GRS and overall breast cancer risk were not significant. The TL GRS was independently associated with decreased risk of ER-negative, PR-positive, and HER2-positive breast cancer risk in the entire sample (HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.94, HR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, and HR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99, respectively). Similarly, the TL GRS was associated with a reduced risk of ER-negative breast cancer in AA (HR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97) and independently with PR-positive and HER2-positive breast cancer risk in HA (HR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97 and HR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.58-0.99, respectively). Adjustment for other covariates did not influence hazards.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher TL GRS is associated with reduced risk of overall breast cancer and with the development of specific breast cancer subtypes, such as ER negativity and/or PR and HER2 positivity. While our focus on GWAS-implicated SNPs may not encompass the full spectrum of genes involved in TL, further studies into the potential mechanism for shorter TL and reduced breast cancer risk are needed.
Citation Format: Laurie Grieshober, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Rachael Hageman Blair, Lina Mu, Leah Preus, Jing Nie, Jiali Han, Jaymie R. Meliker, Thomas Rohan, Heather M. Ochs-Balcom. Telomere length genetic risk score is associated with breast cancer risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1288</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Establishing a community partnership to optimize recruitment of African American pedigrees for a genetic epidemiology study
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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