8,644 research outputs found
Amortised resource analysis with separation logic
No full textType-based amortised resource analysis following Hofmann and Jost—where resources are associated with individual elements of data structures and doled out to the programmer under a linear typing discipline—have been successful in providing concrete resource bounds for functional programs, with good support for inference. In this work we translate the idea of amortised resource analysis to imperative pointer-manipulating languages by embedding a logic of resources, based on the affine intuitionistic Logic of Bunched Implications, within Separation Logic. The Separation Logic component allows us to assert the presence and shape of mutable data structures on the heap, while the resource component allows us to state the consumable resources associated with each member of the structure. We present the logic on a small imperative language, based on Java bytecode, with procedures and mutable heap. We have formalised the logic and its soundness property within the Coq proof assistant and extracted a certified verification condition generator. We also describe an proof search procedure that allows generated verification conditions to be discharged while using linear programming to infer consumable resource annotations. We demonstrate the logic on some examples, including proving the termination of in-place list reversal on lists with cyclic tails
GA-Fuzzy PID control simulation waveform diagram.
No full textAs is well known, the metal annealing process has the characteristics of heat concentration and rapid heating. Traditional vacuum annealing furnaces use PID control method, which has problems such as high temperature fluctuation, large overshoot, and long response time during the heating and heating process. Based on this situation, some domestic scholars have adopted fuzzy PID control algorithm in the temperature control of vacuum annealing furnaces. Due to the fact that fuzzy rules are formulated through a large amount of on-site temperature data and experience summary, there is a certain degree of subjectivity, which cannot ensure that each rule is optimal. In response to this drawback, the author combined the technical parameters of vacuum annealing furnace equipment, The fuzzy PID temperature control of the vacuum annealing furnace is optimized using genetic algorithm. Through simulation and comparative analysis, it is concluded that the design of the fuzzy PID vacuum annealing furnace temperature control system based on GA optimization is superior to fuzzy PID and traditional PID control in terms of temperature accuracy, rise time, and overshoot control. Finally, it was verified through offline experiments that the fuzzy PID temperature control system based on GA optimization meets the annealing temperature requirements of metal workpieces and can be applied to the temperature control system of vacuum annealing furnaces.</div
Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease.
No full textAssigning function to genome wide association study variants associated with complex gastrointestinal disease
No full textPhDThe genome‐wide association study era has identified numerous loci associated with many
common polygenic diseases. The next challenge is to identify the functional consequences
of these variants and elicit how they impact on disease risk. Using a combination of protein
based assays, large scale microarrays and high‐throughput generation sequencing
platforms this thesis aims to identify the functional effects of disease loci, with particular
focus on Crohn’s disease and coeliac disease, two common complex gastrointestinal
diseases.
Variants located within the Interleukin 23 receptor are associated with both susceptibility
and protection from Crohn’s disease, a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease of the
bowel. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of these variants, at the mRNA as
well as the protein level, on both cytokine and receptor levels.
Coeliac disease is a dietary intolerance to the gluten component of wheat, barley and rye
and has an estimated prevalence of approximately 1%. Genome‐wide association studies
have identified eight genomic different loci as associated with coeliac disease but none
have been functionally characterised. To investigate the effect that genotype has on gene
transcript levels, a genetical genomics study was undertaken in patients with coeliac
disease generating results with relevance to a range of autoimmune disorders.
Before disease based effects can be identified, it is first important to fully characterise the
normal human transcriptome and methylome. To this end CD4
+ T cells were studied using
novel high‐throughput sequencing techniques, with the aim of providing some insight into
novel genomic properties that may illuminate current and future disease associated loci.
Given the base pair resolution approach of high‐throughput sequencing, a novel method of
assaying for SNP effects on gene expression was developed. This allele specific method,
using whole transcriptome sequencing, is capable of identifying alterations in transcript
expression on a genome‐wide scale
Increasing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics skills using Project Lead the Way
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
High-loading Ga-exchanged MFI zeolites as selective and coke-resistant catalysts for nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation
No full textIn this paper, we investigated the effects of the Ga loading amount and H-2 treatment temperature for the reductive solid-state ion-exchange reaction on the generated Ga species in Ga-exchanged MFI zeolites (Ga-MFIs) as well as their catalysis for ethane dehydrogenation (EDH). For the formation of isolated Ga hydrides in the zeolites, [GaH](2+) ions were preferentially formed in the low-loading Ga-MFI (Ga/Al = 0.3) treated with H-2 at 550 degrees C, corresponding to the conventional preparation conditions, (Ga-MFI-0.3(550)), while the high Ga loading (Ga/Al = 1.0) and high-temperature H-2 treatment (800 degrees C) (Ga-MFI-1.0(800)) induced the formation of [GaH2](+) ions as the major Ga hydrides, as revealed by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy including the isotope experiment using D-2. In the context of other Ga species, such as Ga+ cations and partially reduced Ga oxides (GaOX), Ga+ cations and GaOX coexist in Ga-MFI-0.3(550), as indicated by pyridine adsorption experiments. On the other hand, GaOX was hardly observed and a larger amount of Ga+ cations was formed in Ga-MFI-1.0(800). The remaining Bronsted acid sites (BASs) were also characterized by the NH3 adsorption experiment. In the EDH reaction, Ga-MFI-1.0(800) exhibited high selectivity owing to low coke formation, resulting in the highest durability among the series of Ga-MFIs tested. Under the optimized conditions, Ga-MFI-1.0(800) exhibited the highest C2H4 formation rate among previously reported Pt-free catalysts. Based on the combined results of characterization, catalyst tests, and kinetic studies, the high selectivity and durability of Ga-MFI-1.0(800) can be ascribed to the low amount of the remaining BASs by isolated Ga species ([GaH](2+), [GaH2](+) ions and Ga+ cations) as well as the major formation of [GaH2](+) ions among isolated Ga hydrides
Element Distribution in Porous Ga Oxide Obtained by Anodizing Ga in Phosphoric Acid
No full textA STEM/EDS study of a porous Ga oxide film formed by an anodization process was conducted in this study to examine the crystalline structure of the film and the elemental distribution in the oxide film before and after heat treatment. The as-formed anodic film with a morphology resembling the well-known porous anodic Al oxide film was amorphous, crystallizing after heat treatment at 600 degrees C without changing the morphology and elemental distribution. The EDS elemental maps disclosed the duplex nature of the pore wall oxide; the phosphate anion was contaminated in the outer oxide layer next to the pores, and the inner layer consisted of relatively pure Ga oxide, practically free from phosphate. The similarity of morphology and elemental distributions between the porous anodic Al and Ga oxides suggests that the growth of both anodic oxide films proceeds under the same mechanism. In addition, crystallized porous Ga oxides are expected to be applied to fabricate various functional devices requiring geometrically controlled semiconductor nanohole arrays, such as devices for hydrogen formation. (c) 2023 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited
Effect of thermal treatments in Ni-Fe-Ga with Co substitutions and Ni-Mn-Ga melt spun ribbons
No full textAbstractThe effect of “in situ” thermal treatments (by DSC measurements) on the martensitic transformation in two representative Ni-Fe-Ga and Ni-Mn-Ga alloys has been studied and discussed by correlating the structural and magnetic properties. The alloys were prepared from high purity elements, by arc melting under argon protective atmosphere as bulk and also as melt-spun ribbons - an alternative preparation route that also allows to assess the influences of grains size and strain induced by this processing method. All samples presented reversible thermo-elastic transformations. The thermal treatments promote a reduction of the martensitic transformation temperatures in the Ni-Fe-Ga investigated samples, as opposed to the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa where the temperatures increase with increasing the annealing temperatures. Interestingly however, the off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga with increased Ni content recovers the behaviour with reduction of transformation temperatures by thermal treatments. The precipitation of the secondary FCC (γ) phase is inherently found in Ni-Fe-Ga alloys with Ga ≤ 27% at, and also -although in lower amounts- in the off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga. The γ phase is considered to contribute to the decrease of the MT temperatures (via valence electrons concentration depletion of the main matrix) and of the transformation heat as well as to the final structural degradation if the temperature of the thermal treatments is further increased. In addition, this phase, located mainly at the grain boundaries, is responsible for the improved ductility of Ni-Fe-Ga based alloys. Changes in the transformation heat due to thermal treatments are observed and discussed in both types of alloys, the maxima of the transformation heat being associated with the highest atomic order. Thermo-magnetic measurements show that Ni-Fe-Ga alloys have close magnetic and structural transitions temperatures, with promising applications for magnetic refrigeration
Using group interaction history in the wild
No full textInspired by theories of how professionals enter into a reflective conversation with their work materials, the research area of interaction history seeks to make use of the accumulated actions of many people in working with digital objects. Despite compelling system designs and empirical results in laboratory settings, group interaction histories have not been widely employed. I outline a series of research questions, plans and tools that will be among the first to investigate and evaluate the use of shared interaction history in the day-to-day work of individuals and groups
Improved tunneling magnetoresistance in (Ga,Mn)As/AlO(x)/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions
No full textWe fabricated (Ga,Mn)As/AlO(x)/Co(40)Fe(40)B(20) magnetic tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic semiconductor/insulator/ferromagnetic metal (S/I/F) structure. The treatments of pre-annealing and post-plasma cleaning on the (Ga,Mn) As film were introduced before the growth of the subsequent layers. A high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 101% is achieved at 2 K, and the spin polarization of (Ga,Mn) As, P = 56.8%, is deduced from Julliere's formula. The improved TMR ratio is primarily due to the improved magnetism of (Ga,Mn) As layer by low-temperature annealing and cleaned interface between (Ga,Mn) As and AlO(x) attained by subsequent plasma cleaning process. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3603946
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