1,721,153 research outputs found
Menstrual and menarche experience among pubescent female students in Taiwan: implication for health education and promotion
No full textInterventions implementation fidelity in nursing home
Full text linkAims and objectivesTo increase the knowledge on fidelity challenges in intervention studies promoting eating independence in residents with cognitive decline living in nursing homes (NHs).BackgroundA few studies have documented to date factors affecting fidelity in intervention studies performed in NH settings. Moreover, fidelity issues in intervention studies aimed at promoting eating independence among NH residents with cognitive decline have not been studied to date.DesignA hybrid study design was performed in 2018 and reported here according to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research.MethodsIn a clustered multicentre before/after intervention study design, a nested, multicentre qualitative descriptive design was performed. Four researchers with a nursing background, who received appropriate training, implemented the designed intervention. This consisted in intentional rounds in the dining rooms during lunchtime and was based on supportive, prescriptive and informative prompts delivered to residents with cognitive decline aimed at stimulating eating independence. A momentary assessment method was used, based on daily diary filled in by participant researchers after every session of intervention delivery on the following five dimensions of fidelity: (a) adherence, (b) dose (or exposure), (c) intervention quality, (d) participant responsiveness and (e) programme differentiation. A direct content analysis of the narratives reported on the diaries was performed.ResultsFactors increasing or hindering intervention fidelity during its implementation emerged at the NH, staff, family caregivers, resident, researchers and at the intervention itself levels.ConclusionsSeveral factors emerged and all reported potentially both positive and negative influences on fidelity while implementing an intervention aimed at promoting eating independence among NH residents. Fidelity challenges should be considered as dynamic in NH intervention studies, where continuous adjustments of the intervention delivered are required.Relevance to clinical practiceA calm environment, with staff members showing a caring behaviour, and researchers having achieved good familiarity with the NH setting, the residents, their family carers and the staff members, can all increase intervention fidelity
Enhancing independent eating among older adults with dementia: A scoping review of the state of the conceptual and research literature
Full text linkBackgroundAddressing eating difficulties among older individuals with dementia living in nursing homes requires evidence-based interventions. However, to date, there is limited evidence of effective interventions designed to maintain and/or increase independent eating. In a field in which evidence is still lacking, a critical analysis of the state of research describing its main features can help identify methodological gaps that future studies should address. Hence, the aim of this study was to map the state of the research designed to maintain and/or promote independent eating in older individuals with dementia living in nursing homes.MethodsA scoping review was performed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Reviews and conceptual analyses performed with different methodological approaches, published in indexed journals, and written in English were included. Keywords Were searched for in the MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and in the Scopus databases to identify papers published up to 31 May 2018.Results17 reviews were included, assessing interventions’ effectiveness (n = 15) and providing conceptual frameworks for eating/mealtime difficulties (n = 2). Conceptual frameworks supporting interventions’ effectiveness have rarely been described in available studies. Moreover, interventions tested have been categorized according to non-homogeneous frameworks. Their effectiveness has been measured against (1) eating performance, (2) clinical outcomes, and (3) adverse event occurrence.ConclusionAn increased use of conceptual frameworks in studies, as well as greater clarity in intervention categorization and outcomes, is necessary to enhance the reviews’ value in providing useful cumulative knowledge in this field. Interventions delivered should embody different components that integrate individual, social, cultural, and environmental factors, while when evaluating an intervention’s effectiveness, eating performance, clinical outcomes and adverse events should be considered. Together with more robust studies, involving clinicians could prove to be useful, as their knowledge of practice developed from direct experience can help develop innovative research questions
Negative prompts aimed at maintaining eating independence in nursing home residents: purposes and implications -A critical analysis
Full text linkBackground:Psychological abuse of older people is difficult to recognise; specifically, nursing home residents have been documented to be at higher risk of psychological abuse during daily care, such as during feeding. Healthcare professionals adopt positive and negative verbal prompts to maintain residents’ eating independence; however, negative prompts’ purposes and implications have never been discussed to date.Research aims:To critically analyse negative verbal prompts given during mealtimes as forms of abuse of older individuals and violation of ethical principles.Research design:This is a secondary analysis of three cases of negative prompts that emerged in a large descriptive study based upon focus group methodology and involving 13 nursing homes and 54 healthcare professionals.Participants and research context:This study included 3 out of 13 nursing homes caring for residents with moderate/severe functional dependence in self-feeding mainly due to dementia; in these nursing homes, we conducted three focus groups and 13 healthcare professionals participated.Ethical considerations:This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after being approved by the Review Board of the Trust.Findings:With the intent of maintaining self-feeding independence, negative verbal prompts have been reported as being used by nursing home teams. By critically analysing these negative prompts, it turned out they could trigger intimidation, depression and anxiety and thus could be considered as forms of abuse; moreover, negative prompts can threaten the ethical principles of (1) autonomy using a paternalist approach, (2) beneficence and non-maleficence as with the intent to act in the best interests of residents (to maintain self-feeding independence) they are harmed in their dignity and (3) justice, given that residents who received negative prompts are treated differently from those who received positive prompts.Discussion:Eating should be a pleasant experience with a positive impact on physiological, psychological and social well-being. However, negative prompting can lead to abuse and violation of basic ethical principles, destroying the healthcare professional resident and relative relationships strongly dependent on trust.Conclusion:Negative verbal prompting must be avoided
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Improving the experience of patients living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
No full textThis Science for Patients issue describes the experience of patients who have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) fitted and what they and their families and carers should expect from their health care professionals to improve this experience.
The researchers looked for studies published since 2005 that reported on patients’ stories and feelings about the experience of having an ICD and what they expect from their health care.
The researchers included 24 studies all of which used a ‘qualitative’ research methodology. This means that they collected and analysed non-numerical data to understand the experiences and emotions of the patients included in the studies. This allowed an in-depth insight into the issues in questio
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