1,720,981 research outputs found
Crafting the "Common Will." The IGC 1996 from an Austrian Perspective. IHS Political Science Series No. 52, December 1997
Get PDFThe paper analyses the negotiations that took place in the framework of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) 1996/97 leading to the modification and amendment of the founding treaties of the European communities. Taking the Austrian case as an example the interaction between the various actors at the national and the international level is reconstructed. The author criticises the “intergovernmental approach” to the analysis of decision making mechanisms in the EU showing that the negotiations did not follow the logic of state power and multilateral bargaining but a “logic of mutual adaptation of expectations and positions”. The IGC 1996/97 exemplifies the ongoing institutionalisation of peculiar decision making procedures and the proliferation of working methods that were developed in the various arenas of European negotiations. A key element of these methods is the importance of mediating roles like the role played by the Council presidency during the IGC. It is argued that the Amsterdam Treaty represents some sort of a “common will” rather than a diplomatic bargain between sovereign states. This is due to the particular setting of the IGC 1996/97 and organisational arrangements that undermine the boundaries between the intergovernmental and the supranational, the national and the international arena, between international and domestic negotiations, and between the national and the European interest
Voting Behavior in the Council of the European Union after the 2004 Enlargement
Get PDFThis paper explores voting patterns in the Council of the European Union (EU) between May 2004 and the end of December 2006, studying the full set of voting records for this institution. It analyzes government vote choices in the Council on the basis of ordered logistic regression analysis, explaining the propensity of EU member states to vote ‘yes’, abstain from voting, or vote ‘no’. The paper explains voting behavior in the Council on the basis of selected independent variables, notably governments' absolute and relative positions on the left-right policy dimension, support for European integration among
domestic audiences, member states’ population size and their positions as either net beneficiaries or net payers into the EU budget. Our empirical analysis reveals that voting behavior is markedly different for the group of the EU’s older as compared to its newer member states, with some of our explanatory variables even displaying opposite signs for these two groups in our statistical analyses
Svet Evropske unije in širitev
No full textThe article reviews and outlines the challenges the Council of the European Union has been and is still facing today, especially as regards the efficiency and transparency of decision-making. A special emphasis is put on organisational challenge, e.g. the question of how to effectively deal with the multiplicity of languages, meet demands as regards transparency, and to ensure maintaining efficiency in decision-making, especially in view of the forthcoming major rounds of enlargement.Članek povzema in prikazuje izzive, s katerimi se je in se še srečuje Svet Evropske unije, še posebej izzive učinkovitosti in preglednosti pri odločanju. Posebej poudarja organizacijski izziv: na primer vprašanja, kako učinkovito obvladati množico jezikovzadostiti zahtevam po preglednosti in kako zagotoviti ohranjanje učinkovitosti odločanja v luči prihodnjih krogov širitve
From procedural chore to political prestige: historic development and recent reforms of the Presidency of the Council
Get PDF'Die Ratspräsidentschaft wurden in den 1950er Jahren als administrative Pflicht auf der Basis strikter Gleichheit zwischen den damals zehn Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaften eingeführt. Heute stellt es ein Amt von hohem politischem Prestige dar, das in einer tieferen und weiteren Union wichtige Rechte und Verantwortlichkeiten mit sich bringt, auch wenn viele davon sowohl formell als auch informell beschränkt sind. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt die Veränderungen, die das Amt im Lauf der Zeit erfahren hat, als Folge unter anderem einer Schwächung der Kommission, der zunehmenden Rolle des Europäischen Rates, Änderungen der Abstimmungsregeln, Abweichungen von der sog. Gemeinschaftsmethode, Erweiterungen und neuen Regeln der Transparenz. Die historische Entwicklung und jüngste Reformen des Amtes werden nachgezeichnet, indem dessen vier zentrale Funktionen (Administration und Koordination, das Setzen politischer Prioritäten, Mediation sowie interne und externe Repräsentation) und die Organisation der Präsidentschaft sowohl aus der Perspektive der EU insgesamt als auch aus der Perspektive des den Vorsitz innehabenden Mitglieds untersucht werden. Die vordringliche Beschäftigung jüngerer Präsidentschaften mit den Themen Öffentlichkeit und Information mag als Versuch gewertet werden, es der Öffentlichkeit zu erleichtern, eine Präsidentschaft von der anderen zu unterscheiden.' (Autorenreferat)'The Council presidency was conceived in the 1950s as an administrative chore to be shared on the basis of strict equality among the member states of the then European Communities. Today, it is a politically prestigious office, carrying with it important rights and responsibilities in a wider and deeper European Union, although many of the office's rights and responsibilities are constrained both formally and informally. This article tracks the changes which have occurred to the office over time as a result inter alia of the weakening of the Commission, the burgeoning role of the European Council, changes in voting rules, deviations from the so-called 'Community method', enlargement and new transparency rules. The historic development and recent reforms of the office are traced by examining its four main functions (administration and coordination, the setting of political priorities, mediation, and internal and external representation) and the organisation of the presidency from the point of view both of the EU as a whole and of the member state in the chair. The preoccupation of recent presidencies with issues of publicity and information may be an attempt to help the public to distinguish one presidency from another.' (author's abstract)
From procedural chore to political prestige: Historic development and recent reforms of the presidency of the Council
Get PDFDie Ratspräsidentschaft wurden in den 1950er Jahren als administrative Pflicht auf der Basis strikter Gleichheit zwischen den damals zehn Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaften eingeführt. Heute stellt es ein Amt von hohem politischen Prestige dar, das in einer tieferen und weiteren Union wichtige Rechte und Verantwortlichkeiten mit sich bringt, auch wenn viele davon sowohl formell als auch informell beschränkt sind. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt die Veränderungen, die das Amt im Lauf der Zeit erfahren hat, als Folge unter anderem einer Schwächung der Kommission, der zunehmenden Rolle des Europäischen Rates, Änderungen der Abstimmungsregeln, Abweichungen von der sog. Gemeinschaftsmethode, Erweiterungen und neuen Regeln der Transparenz. Die historische Entwicklung und jüngste Reformen des Amtes werden nachgezeichnet, indem dessen vier zentrale Funktionen (Administration und Koordination, das Setzen politischer Prioritäten, Mediation sowie interne und externe Repräsentation) und die Organisation der Präsidentschaft sowohl aus der Perspektive der EU insgesamt als auch aus der Perspektive des den Vorsitz innehabenden Mitglieds untersucht werden. Die vordringliche Beschäftigung jüngerer Präsidentschaften mit den Themen Öffentlichkeit und Information mag als Versuch gewertet werden, es der Öffentlichkeit zu erleichtern, eine Präsidentschaft von der anderen zu unterscheiden
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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