1,721,043 research outputs found
Ethical Theory in Context
No full textThis chapter outlines the major ethical theories underpinning the applicaiton of ethics in a social context, particularly in legal and criminal justice contexts
Criminal Justice Ethics : Cultivating the Moral Imagination
No full textIt is essential for those employed within the justice system to be able to competently and confidently work at the borders between ethics and the law. Criminal Justice Ethics offers a fresh new approach to considering ethical issues in a criminal justice context. Rather than simply offering a range of ethical dilemmas specific to various justice professionals, it provides extensive discussion of how individuals develop their 'moral imaginations' using ethical perspectives and practices, both as citizens of the world and as practitioners of justice. \ud
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Starting from a consideration of the major ethical theories, this book sets the framework for an expansive discussion of ethics by moving from theory to consider the just society and the role of the justice professional within it. Each chapter provides detailed analysis of relevant ethical issues, and activities to engage students with the content, as well as review questions, which can be used for revision or examination. This book will help students to:\ud
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• understand the various theoretical approaches to ethics, \ud
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• apply these understandings to issues in society and the justice process, \ud
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• assist in developing the ability to investigate, discuss, and analyse current ethical issues in criminal justice, \ud
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• appreciate the diverse nature of ethical systems across cultures, \ud
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• outline strategies for detecting and resolving ethical dilemmas. \ud
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Rich with examples and ethical dilemmas from a broad range of contexts, this book's multicultural approach will appeal not only to criminal justice educators, but also to academics, students and practitioners approaching criminal justice from sociological, psychological or philosophical perspectives
Autonomy and rights in S.I. Benn's A theory of freedom
No full textThis thesis has two main objectives, one specific and one more general. Specifically, its aim is to analyse Stanley Benn's liberal theory of autonomy and show how that theory is flawed. The second, more general objective of this thesis is to show by implication that the entire strand of liberal autonomy, of which Benn's theory is representative, does not provide a firm ground for liberal freedom.\ud
That strand of liberal autonomy always defends the ideal of autonomy as a "good" toward which we should all strive. This teleological approach identifies autonomy as a "positive" freedom - that is "freedom to" act, be or have, rather than "freedom from" in the "negative" sense. The foundations for this view go back to nineteenth century liberals such as T.H. Green, and can be seen in the contemporary work of modern day liberals such as Joseph Raz and Robert Young, all of whom, for example, argue that autonomy in the form of human flourishing is basic to individual fulfillment, as well as to both personal\ud
and political freedom. Through an analysis of Benn's work, this thesis demonstrates that such conceptions are problematic because they are internally incoherent, and more\ud
importantly, because they fail to reconcile positive and negative notions of freedom under the liberal banner they seek to maintain
Global ethics : beyond enlightened self-interest\ud
No full textThis article explores why developed nations and their citizens have a moral obligation to assist the disadvantaged\ud
in both local and global contexts. Contemporary international relations policies tend to propose action that is\ud
based on national selfinterest in providing aid and assistance to third world nations. Theorists such as Pogge\ud
and Singer have attempted to overcome the selfinterest problem by offering cosmopolitan and utilitarian solutions\ud
respectively, with Pogge focusing on the concept of universal citizenship and Singer on the global impartiality\ud
of our obligations to others. This article suggests that these theorists do not go far enough, and that a much\ud
stronger moral impetus needs to be acknowledged, one that recognises the universality of moral agency and\ud
our action commitments in respect to that acknowledgement. It engages with current debates concerning the\ud
nature and extent of moral obligation within a framework ofglobal ethics, and offers an alternative framework\ud
that identifies and focuses on our moral outrage over poverty and global disadvantage as a foundation for\ud
developing policies consistent with cosmopolitan values
Sex, love and abuse: Discourses on domestic violence and sexual assault
No full textSex, Love and Abuse intervenes in a timely way on some important issues that have become 'elephants in the room' for academic and policy considerations around sexual violence and abuse. In so doing, this book draws upon a range of literatures and novel empirical sources to encourage critical thinking about the relationship between sex, love and abuse, examining crimes including sexual assault, pornography, child sexual abuse and domestic violence.\ud
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This provocative book seeks to destabilize essentialist understandings of these phenomena with a view to identifying the subtle and complex nature of relationships, which often defy easy explanation and categorisation. Focusing on theories, public discourses and moral ideals, Hayes connects romantic love, intimacy and harm in a unique philosophical analysis, exploring abuse in relationships and how such abuse is fostered
The Adversarial Court System - Is it fair?
No full textThe adversarial system of litigation assumes that parties are able to present their disputes before an impartial tribunal, by use of professional legal advocates. This work critiques some of the fundamental assumptions of the adversarial system and examines two case studies in which it has failed to deliver justice for litigants
Happily ever after: Romance, gender and the building blocks of domestic violence
No full textMy sister describes the state of something being a psychological or personal 'issue' - such as a trauma, compulsion, phobia, or obsession - as having 'brain spaghetti'. For example, apparently she has spaghetti about me pinning her down as a child and tickling her until she screamed for mercy. She knows this because when her spouse tried to do the same, the experience she had as a child came flooding back as a complex tangle of fears, feelings, and mental images. Notwithstanding the trauma inflicted on a sibling in my youth, the spaghetti metaphor is a simple but useful tool for explaining how complex our experiences are, and I bring it up here because I believe a lot of people have spaghetti about love. So much so, that often love becomes distorted, sometimes to the point of making one completely blind to manipulation and abuse. Part of the blame for 'love spaghetti' can be allotted to media depictions of romance and gender, which helps entrench and maintain our deeply held beliefs about what relationships should look like
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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