1,721,026 research outputs found
Dites-le avec des fleurs
No full textComment l’anthropologie construit-elle ses objets lorsque ceux-ci, comme la fleur, sont investis de représentations plus qu’ils n’en sont le support ? Lorsqu’ils sont des productions sociales originales dans lesquelles s’enchevêtrent des enjeux autant territoriaux, politiques, identitaires qu’idéologiques ou symboliques ? La fleur, appréhendée ici comme un révélateur d’une diversité d’approches, invite non seulement à une plongée au cœur de problématiques associées à l’environnement, mais surtout elle offre un bouquet de développements anthropologiques contemporains, où se reflète autant la vitalité de la discipline que la fécondité de démarches interdisciplinaires. L’apport décisif de l’anthropologie tient in fine dans sa faculté de re-totaliser son objet dans des univers de sens articulés
Réinvestir mentalement l'espace et le territoire : le combat politique d'un jardinier
No full textThe author shows how Coetzee describes the physical and intellectual constraints imposed on individuals when they are evoluting in a space ruled by the apartheid system. While following the main character, the reader is confronted to the oppression of the political system, both through realist writting and through allegory. In cultivating the ground which makes the very material of this space, Mickael K realizes the constraint upon him and recovers his freedom because he subjectively reinvests this territory. Coetzee's work is an invitation to go past the limits prescribed by the apartheid.L'auteur s'attache a montrer comment Coetzee met en scène la contrainte physique et la contrainte intellectuelle imposées aux individus qui évoluent dans l'espace régi par le système d'apartheid. En suivant le héros, le lecteur est confronté, à la fois par le récit réaliste et par l'allégorie, à l'oppression du système politique. En cultivant la terre, matière même de cet espace, Mickael K prend conscience de cette contrainte et recouvre sa liberté car il réinvestit subjectivement le territoire. L'œuvre de Coetzee est une invitation a dépasser les limites prescrites par l'apartheid.Hayem Judith. Réinvestir mentalement l'espace et le territoire : le combat politique d'un jardinier. In: Travaux de l'Institut Géographique de Reims, vol. 25, n°99-100, 1998. Afrique du Sud : Espaces et Littératures, sous la direction de François-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar et Philippe Guillaume. pp. 101-110
Chœurs de fondeurs :
Get PDFL’article examine comment, après s’être mobilisés contre la fermeture brutale de leur usine – qui eut lieu sans plan social ni dépollution du site – les ex-salariés de Metaleurop ont continué à la contester au sein de l’association Chœurs de fondeurs. Issue d’une intersyndicale, l’association fut créée immédiatement après la fermeture. Elle fut ralliée d’emblée et de manière durable par la quasi-totalité des 830 salariés. Certains de ses membres ont entrepris de rétablir la parole des ouvriers sur ce qui avait eu lieu et de questionner, mettre en garde et proposer des alternatives aux délocalisations, en s’appuyant sur des créations artistiques. S’inspirant de la notion de « partage du sensible » chez Rancière, l’auteure qualifie cette pratique d’interpellations créatives et montre qu’elle est soutenue par une subjectivité égalitaire mais séquentielle. L’enquête sur la longue durée (2005-2010) montre en effet que les interpellations s’interrompent avec le retour des rapports hiérarchiques au sein de l’association qui se tourne alors vers des pratiques mémorielles plus classiques.This paper studies how former Metaleurop employees kept on protesting against the violent shutting down of their factory –without the company getting rid of pollution or organizing redundancy plan– within an association called Chœurs de fondeurs. Coming out of an interunion, it was created just after the shutdown and was joined straight away by most of the 830 former employees. By using artistic creations, they meant to restore workers’ words about the situation and to question, warn and suggest alternatives to relocations. Drawing on Ranciere’s “distribution of the sensible”, the author calls this practice creative calling outs ; they are supported by an egalitarian subjectivity that does not last. Long lasting fieldwork (2005-2010) shows that creative calling outs stop when hierarchical relationships reappear in the association. The latter then turns towards more usual memory practices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Loyalty and middle class at stake in the General Motors strikes, Flint (Michigan), Summer 1998
Get PDFIn June and July 1998, the United Auto Workers Union (UAW) engaged Flint General Motors workers in one of the longest strike to take place lately in United States. Officially, the strike was launched on Health and Safety issues, as globalisation and relocation of the company were non strikeable ones in the bargaining contract. Still, the issue of globalisation and the relationships between the firms and their employees, and the firms and the countries in which they are settled, were clearly at the heart of the conflict. This paper is based on the empirical data we collected in Flint (Michigan) at the beginning of August 1998. It is the result of the individual interviews we conducted with the workers and UAW representatives about their own ideas on the situation. It focuses on what workers think by identifying the words and categories they themselves use to analyse the situation. The paper looks at the national contract signed by GM, Delphi Automotive Systems Corp. and UAW in late September 1999 as an attempt to respond to the real issues addressed by the strikers, that neither GM nor the union could face in 1998 because of juridical reasons ruling negotiations agenda. -- Im Juni / Juli 1998 hat die United Auto Workers Union (UAW) die Mitarbeiter von General Motors in Flint in einen Streik geführt, der zu den längsten Konflikten in der jüngsten amerikanischen Arbeiterbewegung gehört. Gesundheit und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz galten als offizieller Streikgrund, da laut gültigem Tarifvertrag gegen Globalisierung und Verlagerung der Produktion in Billiglohnländer nicht gestreikt werden durfte. Dennoch standen Fragen wie Globalisierung, die Beziehungen zwischen den Unternehmen und ihren Arbeitnehmern sowie das Verhältnis zwischen den Unternehmen und den Ländern, in denen sie Produktionsstätten haben, eindeutig im Mittelpunkt des Konflikts. Das Papier basiert auf empirischen Daten, die wir in Flint (Michigan) Anfang August 1998 erhoben haben. Die Daten sind das Ergebnis unserer Einzelgespräche mit streikenden ArbeiterInnen und UAW-VertreterInnen über ihre eigene Analyse der Situation. Der Schwerpunkt des Artikels liegt auf den Aussagen der ArbeiterInnen, das heißt, was sie selber denken, in welche Worte sie ihre Gedanken kleiden und welche Kategorien sie verwenden, mit denen sie die Situation begreifen. Ein Jahr nach diesen langen und schwierigen Konflikten, im September 1999, haben UAW, GM und Delphi einen neuen, nationalweit gültigen Vertrag abgeschlossen. In dieser Studie wird er als ein Versuch betrachtet, eine Antwort auf die realen Streitfragen und Probleme des Sommers 1998 zu finden, die die Tarifparteien zu dem damaligen Zeitpunkt aus vertraglichen und juristischen Gründen nicht bewältigen konnten.
Analytiques de l’anthropologie intelligence sensible de la littérature
Get PDFPartant d’une nouvelle écrite sur la base d’une anecdote de terrain, l’auteure discute d’abord ce qui distingue cette forme littéraire d’un article anthropologique sur le même thème. Quel traitement du matériau ethnographique dans les deux cas ? Elle revient ensuite sur les différents usages qu’elle a de la littérature romanesque en tant que lectrice chercheuse. Elle en repère trois : documentaire, problématisant et comme matériau d’enquête à proprement parler. Si un texte narratif recèle cette triple possibilité c’est parce que sa puissance va au-delà de la narration et de l’explication, du côté du sensible et de l’indicible rendu dicible par le travail littéraire.Starting from a short story she wrote based on a fieldwork anecdote, the author first discusses what distinguishes this literary form from an anthropological article on the same theme. How is ethnographic material used in each case? She then turns to her own different uses of fiction as a reader and researcher. She identifies three: documentation, problematics, and research material. She argues that if a narrative text contains these three elements, it is because its force extends beyond narration and explanation to the sensitive and the inexpressible, to which the literary work gives voice
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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