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The Monotonous Development Model and the Social Economical Studies on the Japanese History in the Late Medieval Age (Special Issue : (HISTORICAL RESEARCH TODAY, 2005)
No full text<Articles>The Reconstruction of Muromachi Bakufu Finances in the Mid 15th Century
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり本稿は、財政再建という視点から一五世紀中葉の室町幕府財政について論じたものである。嘉吉元年(一四四一) の土一揆襲撃は土倉役を退転させ、これを契機に管領政治期の幕府財政は低迷していく。享徳三年(一四五四) に、対応策として創出された分一銭も徴収に失敗し、幕府財政は危機的状況に陥るが、翌康正元年(一四五五) に将軍側近伊勢貞親を中心に分一銭徴収方式が整備され、同年の改正令以降に一応の確立を見ることになる。さらに、伊勢氏の活動は康正二年(一四五六) の内裏再建事業にも及び、国役方式の採用などを通じて要脚の調達に成功し、これらを受けて一三年ぶりに再建された内裏では将軍足利義政の右大将拝賀儀式が盛大に行われた。当該期の幕府政治が依然管領主導の下にあったことを想起すると、管領政治期にはなし得なかった財源の改善、内裏の再建という問題を克服して行われたこの儀式は、幕政の中心が将軍にあることを可視化、演出するものであったといえる。政治史上における当該期の財政再建の意義は、このように義政親政の確立にあったと評価できるのである。In this essay I will examine muromachi bakufu (室町幕府) finances during the mid 15th century from the perspective of financial reconstruction. The Rural League Uprising (土一揆) of 1441 led to the weakening of imposts levied on Pawnbrokers, and this ushered in a decline in bakufu finances during the period of kanrei administration (管領政治). In response to this, the bakufu created the buichisen policy (分一銭). In 1454, but it failed to collect funds and bakufu finances went into a state of crisis. In 1455, the collecting methods of the buichisen policy were reworked by ISE Sadachika (伊勢貞親) of the shogunate, and after the revision issued that year, finances were reestablished. Furthermore, in addition to the 1456 imperial palace reconstruction that resulted from ISE's activities, necessary funds were successfully procured through the implementation of the kuniyaku system (国役). ASHIKAGA Yoshimasa (足利義政) succeeded in a prosperous ceremony to the position of shogun in the newly reconstructed imperial palace. Considering that the bakufu administration had been led by the kanrei until this time, it becomes clear that this ceremony was a performative display of the centrality of the shogun within the bakufu. It emphasized the accomplishments of revenue improvement and palace restoration, impossible achievements during the period of kanrei administration. This essay thus attempts to appraise the significance of the reconstruction of bakufu finances in terms of political history through the lens of the establishment of Yoshimasa's administration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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