7,789 research outputs found
Antibiotic resistance in the environment, with particular reference to MRSA
No full textThe introduction of β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins) in the 1940s and 1950s probably represents the most dramatic event in the battle against infection in human medicine. Even before widespread global use of penicillin, resistance was already recorded. E. coli producing a penicillinase was reported in Nature in 1940 (Abraham, 1940) and soon after a similar penicillinase was discovered in Staphylococcus aureus (Kirby, 1944). The appearance of these genes, so quickly after the discovery and before the widespread introduction of penicillin, clearly shows that the resistance genes pre-dated clinical use of the antibiotic itself
Peter M. Mach
No full textabstract: Peter was 12 years old when he heard gunshots and bombing at his village.
“Lost Boys Found” is an ongoing, interdisciplinary project that is collecting, recording and archiving the oral histories of the Lost Boys/Girls of Sudan. The collection is a work-in-progress, seeking to record the oral history of as many Lost Boys/Girls as are willing, and will be used in a future book.Age: 28Region: Upper NileThis picture and bio was donated to the Lost Boys Found project from The Arizona Lost Boys Cente
Joseph Bimeler letter to Peter Kaufmann, June 8, 1844
No full textLetter from J. M. Bimeler (by Christian Weibel) to Peter Kaufmann, acknowledging receipt of Bibles and spelling books and ordering more Bibles. He repeats his statement from his letter of April 31, 1844, of a preference for Bibles that embrace the Apocrypha. The letter also requests a catalog of books on hand at Kaufmann's establishment.
Led by Joseph Bimeler (sometimes spelled Bäumeler) in 1817, a group of Lutheran separatists left Germany and eventually established the small community of Zoar in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. The group formed the Society of Separatists of Zoar, in which each person donated his or her property to the community as a whole, and in exchange for their work, the society would provide for them. After decades of economic prosperity, the unity of the village declined, and by 1898 the Zoarites disbanded the society.
Peter Kaufmann was a German immigrant and intellectual. He arrived first in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1820; in 1826 he became professor of languages at the Harmony Society town of Economy, Pennsylvania. In 1827, Kaufmann led the establishment of Teutonia, a utopian community in Columbiana County, Ohio, and published its weekly titled "Teutonia: The Herald of a Better Time." Following this he moved to Canton, Ohio, where he became translator and editor of "Der Vaterlandsfreund und Geist der Zeit" under Solomon Sala. Additionally, Kaufmann wrote a number of books on education, as well as a German almanac. He was also an influential Democrat, counting President Van Buren among his friends, and knew Ralph Waldo Emerson
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs from Thailand
No full textLivestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(LA-MRSA) strains are increasingly isolated from pigs and humans,
particularly those involved in pig farming. There is also growing
evidence of transmission through the food chain. The distribution
of LA-MRSA has spread throughout Europe and beyond, with the
majority of strains belonging to sequence type ST398 and ST9. Here
we report the emergence of LA-MRSA in pigs from Thailand. [...
CTX-M ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae: estimated prevalence in adults in England in 2014
No full textBackground: ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLPE) are increasing in prevalence worldwide and are more difficult to treat than non-ESBLPE. Their prevalence in the UK general population is unknown, as the only previous UK ESBLPE faecal colonization study involved patients with diarrhoea. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of CTX-M ESBLPE faecal colonization in the general adult population of England in 2014, and investigate risk factors. Methods: A stratified random sample of 58337 registered patients from 16 general practices within four areas of England were invited to participate by returning faeces specimens and self-completed questionnaires. Specimens were tested for ESBLPE and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Results: 2430 individuals participated (4% of those invited). The estimated prevalence of colonization with CTX-M ESBLPE in England was 7.3% (95% CI 5.6%-9.4%) (Shropshire 774 participants, 4.9% colonization; Southampton City 740 participants, 9.2%; Newham 612 participants, 12.7%; Heart of Birmingham 234 individuals, 16.0%) and was particularly high in: those born in Afghanistan (10 participants, 60.0% colonization, 95% CI 29.7%-84.2%); those born on the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh or Sri Lanka) (259 participants, 25.0%colonization, 95% CI 18.5%-32.9%); travellers to South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka or Nepal) in the last year (140 participants, 38.5%colonization, 95% CI 27.8%-50.5%); and healthcare domestics (8 participants, unweighted 37.5% colonization, 95% CI 8.5%-75.5%). Risk factors identified included: being born in the Indian subcontinent (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.0-9.7); travel to South Asia (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8-4.8) or to Africa, China, South or Central America, South East or Pacific Asia or Afghanistan (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.1) in the last year; and working as a healthcare domestic (aOR 6.2, 95% CI 1.3-31). None of the 48 participants who took co-amoxiclav in the last year was colonized with CTX-M ESBLPE. blaCTX-M-15 accounted for 66% of CTX-M ESBLPE positives. 0.1% (two participants) were colonized with CPE. Conclusions: CTX-M ESBLPE are established in the general population in England and prevalence is particularly high in people from certain countries of birth or with recent travel. We recommend that these findings be taken into account in guidance on the empiricalmanagement of patients presenting with a likely Enterobacteriaceae infection.</p
Peter Logan: Victorian Fetishism [Audio interview]
No full textPeter Logan is the author of Nerves and Narratives: A Cultural History of Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century British Prose (1997) and, more recently, Victorian Fetishism: Intellectuals and Primitives (2009). On May 15, 2012, Fred Rowland interviewed Peter Logan to discuss Victorian Fetishism, which details the development of ideas about the primitive and how these concepts set the boundaries of culture in Victorian Britain. Drawing from Lucretius, Vico, and Auguste Comte, Peter Logan explains how fetishism – the defining feature of culture’s absence – figured in the works of literary and cultural critic Matthew Arnold, realist novelist George Eliot, and anthropologist Edward Tylor.Temple University. College of Liberal ArtsTemple University. LibrariesEnglishLearning and Research ServicesAudacityAudacit
Der Wahrheitssucher : su Peter Weiss, Dante e l’utopia
No full textThe contribution outlines the utopian dimension of the work and aesthetics of the German-Jewish-Swedish author Peter Weiss (1916-1982), focusing mainly on his "DC-Projekt", the plan of a political rewriting of Dantes' Divine Comedy for the modern stage (1960s). The contribution contends that the medieval poet, called "the truthsearcher" in the posthumous drama "Inferno", is the key figure of the author's utopian concern in his lifelong alternation of autobiographical, poetical and political issues
Global epidemiology of CTX-M β-lactamases::temporal and geographical shifts in genotype
No full textGlobally, rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are rising. We undertook a literature review, and present the temporal trends in blaCTX-M epidemiology, showing that blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14 have displaced other genotypes in many parts of the world. Explanations for these changes can be attributed to: (i) horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of plasmids; (ii) successful Escherichia coli clones; (iii) ESBLs in food animals; (iv) the natural environment; and (v) human migration and access to basic sanitation. We also provide explanations for the changing epidemiology of blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-27. Modifiable anthropogenic factors, such as poor access to basic sanitary facilities, encourage the spread of blaCTX-M and other antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, such as blaNDM, blaKPC and mcr-1. We provide further justification for novel preventative and interventional strategies to reduce transmission of these AMR genes.</p
The epidemiology and molecular evolution of the CTX-M beta-lactamases
No full textThe widespread usage of extended spectrum cephalosporins in the 1980s led to the emergence of β-lactamases capable of destroying them. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are the most common β-lactamases in some parts of the world and represent a pandemic of CTX-M ESBLs. Work examining the epidemiology and distribution of specific genotypes both in the UK and across the world particularly in China and India is presented. The faecal carriage by humans and dispersal into the environment is described. The environment and release of CTX-M producing Enterobacteriaceae into the environment following sewage treatment is reported and that arising from fish and poultry production. The work describes the isolation and characterization of the second most important CTX-M genotype (CTX-M-14) and the development of novel methods for the characterisation of genotypes. The publications were important in the recognition of the significance of CTX-M and drew attention to the characteristic genotype distribution around the world. The importance of faecal carriage as a dispersion mechanism and the association of specific genotypes with ethnic groups was a novel finding. The work also was the first to genotype ESBLs in India identifying that CTXM-15 was the only CTX-M genotype carried by one of the world's largest populations
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